Research Progress on Corrosion Resistance Properties of High Entropy Alloy
The design of conventional alloys(such as steel,copper alloy,aluminum alloy,zinc alloy magnesium alloy,titanium al-loy,etc.),which are based on one or at most two principal elements,and other metal/non-metal elements are introduced to improve the properties or to form new functional properties with the increasing demand for material functionality.Nevertheless,the industrial revolution and the development of emerging industries demand high-end materials,and it is difficult for conventional alloys to meet the requirements of the harsh service environment.The foundation of the real economy,such as petrochemical,chemical,iron and steel,non-ferrous metals,building materials,and other industries,including the novel materials industry,is the basic industry that has im-portant implications for national and international economic and technological competitiveness.Under the situation that the research and application of new materials are oriented to the new stage of high-quality development,the improvement of novel materials indus-trial competitiveness has become a fundamental motivator of national development.High-entropy alloys(HEAs),as the emerging multi-principal alloys,marking the beginning of a new era in the design of new materials.These novel metal materials have received wide attention due to their excellent comprehensive performance and simple structure,such as body-centered cubic(bcc),face-cen-tered-cubic(fcc),or close-packed hexagonal(hcp).The concept of HEAs expands the design range of alloys and formed alloys with high strength,high hardness,high toughness,and excellent corrosion resistance,which shows excellent application potential in harsh working conditions.Corrosion is a conservational occurrence that has a large economic impact and personal safety problems on most metals and their alloys because it destroys and deteriorates most materials by a physical behavior or electrochemical process through the reaction of these materials with the environment.In the face of harsh working conditions,a series of serious corrosion behaviors such as uniform corrosion,local pitting corrosion,hydrogen cracking,erosive corrosion,microbial corrosion(MIC),sulfide stress cracking,and stress corrosion cracking are usually founded without anti-corrosion measures.As a new metal material with high perfor-mance,HEAs have shown excellent physical and functional properties in the simulation of complex conditions(such as acidic,basic,and saline environments with carbon dioxide,oxygen,hydrogen,hydrogen sulfide,etc.).In the decades of research on multi-princi-pal component alloys/HEAs in the field of new materials,a relatively mature research system has been formed for its design and materi-al functional prediction.However,there is still a large gap in the corrosion mechanism of different kinds of HEAs and the corrosion of alloys in special environments.The current explorations on the corrosion behavior of HEAs in this area were reviewed in the present pa-per,which discussed the main factors affecting the corrosion resistance of HEAs,focused on the analysis of the influence of HEAs composition,microstructure,heat treatment method and working conditions on the corrosion behavior of HEAs,and summarized the application status of HEAs in oil and gas drilling,petroleum refining and radioactive industrial field.HEAs was a new kind of materi-al,and its material properties and functional properties were more advanced than conventional alloys.The design and preparation pro-cess could affect the properties of alloys by adjusting the alloy element composition,proportion,preparation method,and treatment method.The design and treatment of alloys on demand had become the mainstream direction of the development of HEAs.In the study of the corrosion behavior of HEAs,it was found that elements affected the corrosion resistance of alloy by affecting the phase structure and microstructure of alloy,which was the main factor affecting the corrosion resistance of HEAs.The heat treatment and deformation treatment of the alloy affected the corrosion resistance of the alloy.In particular,the heat treatment temperature synergy with the slug-gish diffusion effect of the HEAs changed the microstructure to improve the corrosion resistance of HEAs.In the same corrosion condi-tion,the corrosion resistance of HEAs was better than that of conventional alloys.In the corrosion condition,the corrosion resistance of HEAs was similar to that of conventional alloys in corrosion law,but the corrosion resistance of HEAs was better than that of conven-tional alloys.At present,HEAs lacked application in actual working conditions,but they had shown outstanding application value in the test stage.In the field of the petrochemical industry,high strength,and high corrosion resistance of HEAs showed relatively excel-lent corrosion resistance in the simulation environment of petroleum drilling,petroleum refining,and petroleum transportation.In ad-dition,HEAs had good stability in the radioactive environment,and its anti-irradiation performance was better than conventional al-loy,which had a broad development prospect in the nuclear industry,and was a good equipment material and energy storage material.Finally,from aspects of theoretical research and engineering applications,a prospection was made for the design methods,prepara-tion processes,and practical applications of HEAs,in order to provide novel ideas for the development and application of HEAs in se-vere conditions.
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