The Continuance Markers and Type Characteristics of Xinyang Dialect
In Xinyang dialect,the continuance marker[tau0](倒)can be used after some verbs and a few adjectives,[ta0ɕi0](得些)can only be attached after some dynamic verbs,and[tai0](带)is mainly after phrases or sentences,whose main grammatical function is to indicate the continuation of an action or a state.[tau0](倒)and[ta0ɕi0](得些)belong to the[t]class consonants,which are different from the[tʂ]/[ts]class consonants commonly used in Zhongyuan Mandarin in Henan Province,and belong to the same type as Huangxiao dialects of Jianghuai(the Changjiang and Huaihe Rivers)Mandarin,and Northern and Central Hubei dialects of Southwest Mandarin.The continuance marker[tai0](带)at the end of the sentence belongs to the single type of zai(在),which is different from the common type of li(哩)in northern Henan,but is consistent with the type characteristics of Southern Mandarin such as Southwest Mandarin and Jianghuai Mandarin,which indicates that the strong type of li(哩)in Zhongyuan Mandarin has not expanded to affect Xinyang.
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