孤独症"特殊能力"新理论研究进展
New theoretical advances in the understanding of autistic"special abilities"
Laurent Mottron 1Jade Desrosiers 2David Gagnon 1Alexia Ostrolenk 3汪瑜 4张颖滢 4邹小兵4
作者信息
- 1. 蒙特利尔大学医学院精神医学与成瘾系,加拿大魁北克 蒙特利尔 H3T 1J4
- 2. 蒙特利尔大学心理学系,加拿大魁北克 蒙特利尔 H3T 1J4
- 3. 加拿大孤独症联盟,加拿大多伦多 北约克 M2N 6N1
- 4. 中山大学附属第三医院儿童发育行为中心,广东 广州 510630
- 折叠
摘要
"增强知觉功能(Enhanced perceptual functioning)模型"理论和"真实映射(Veridical mapping)模型"理论被用于解释孤独症(autism)个体"特殊能力"的存在和性质.文章对 2 种模型进行了重要更新,将其与孤独症个体特有的语言发展相结合,认为孤独症个体"特殊能力"是通过将语言分析器重新引导到结构化、不带"社会偏向"的内容上来实现的,这也解释了为何这些特殊能力能够将语言处理扩展到语言之外的其他领域.日历推算现象是验证这一理论的实例,即将语言分析器重新定向到日历上,这可能是非社会性学习的结果.非社会性学习本身源于缺乏"社会偏向"的信息处理过程,使该过程发生了分化.日历推算的纵向性和操作性特性与神经发育典型个体的语言学习和处理特征相似.因此,通过"劫持"语言分析器并将其引导至非交流性、类语言的内容上,可为大多数孤独症"特殊能力"的共同特征提供简明解释,并在此基础上丰富了"真实映射模型".
Abstract
The"Enhanced perceptual functioning model"and the"Veridical mapping model"have been proposed to explain the presence and nature of special abilities in autism.Here,we propose an important update to these two models,by combining them with autistic idiosyncratic language development.The"special abilities"of individuals with autism are achieved by redirecting language analyzers toward structured,yet socially unbiased material,which explains how these special skills extend language processing to materials beyond language.Calendar calculation serves as a test of this theory,in which language analyzers are redirected to calendars,a possible consequence of non-social learning.Non-social learning itself results from the bifurcation caused by the absence of social bias in overall information processing.The longitudinal and operational properties of calendar calculation are analogous to the language learning and processing characteristics of neurotypical populations.Combining the"hijacking"of human language analyzer and directing it towards non-communicative,language-like material provides a concise explanation for the common features of most autistic special abilities and integrates and enriches the"Veridical mapping model".
关键词
孤独症/学者综合征/特殊能力/增强知觉功能模型/真实映射模型Key words
Autism/Savant syndrome/Special abilities/Enhanced perceptual functioning model/Veridical mapping model引用本文复制引用
出版年
2024
国家科技期刊平台
NSTL
万方数据