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自然保护地综合行政执法的实践样态、困境与优化路径

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统筹配置自然保护地执法职能和执法资源,推进生态环境和自然资源保护综合行政执法,是促进自然保护地治理体系和治理效能现代化的重要举措.通过规范分析和实证分析发现,自然保护地综合行政执法改革在体制、机制和制度等方面呈现不同的实践样态,并逐步向综合生态系统管理、一体化保护系统治理和构建最严法治保障体系转型.但是,自然保护地内多元主体的利益博弈和协作不畅加剧自然保护地综合行政执法的复杂性和困难性,需重视和破解重立法轻执法、重管理轻治理、重权力行使轻权力监督的"三重三轻"治理困境.为全面推进以国家公园为主体的自然保护地体系建设,需要以人与自然和谐共生的多元共治原则为指引,依法授予自然保护地管理机构一定的执法权,规范自然保护地综合行政执法与司法协同合作并向全过程执法延拓,通过多元执法方式和智能化治理来推动自然保护地治理转型与法治优化.
Practice Patterns,Dilemmas and Optimization Paths of Integrated Administration of Nature Reserves
The overall allocation of law enforcement functions and law enforcement resources in nature protected areas and the promotion of integrated administrative law enforcement of ecological environment and natural resource protection are important measures to promote the modernization of the governance system and governance efficiency of nature protected areas.Through normative analysis and empirical analysis,the reform of comprehensive administrative law enforcement in nature protected areas presents different practice patterns in terms of system,mechanism and system,and gradually transforms to integrated ecosystem management,integrated protection system governance and the construction of the strictest legal guarantee system.However,the interest game and poor cooperation among multiple subjects in nature protected areas have exacerbated the complexity and difficulty of comprehensive administrative law enforcement in nature protected areas.It is necessary to pay attention to and solve the"three priorities and three easy"governance dilemma that emphasizes legislation over law enforcement,management over governance,and power exercise over power supervision.In order to comprehensively promote the construction of the system of protected areas with national parks as the main body,it is necessary to follow the principle of harmonious coexistence between man and nature,grant certain law enforcement powers to the management agencies of protected areas according to law,standardize the two-way connection and transfer of law enforcement of protected areas with the central ecological and environmental protection supervision and judicial supervision,and promote the extension of law enforcement in the whole process.Expand diversified law enforcement methods and intelligent governance to promote the modernization,optimization and upgrading of the governance paradigm of protected natural areas.

natural reservesintegrated administrationholistic governanceoptimizing the rule of law

陈真亮、王潋晴

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浙江农林大学生态文明研究院

自然保护地 综合行政执法 整体性治理 法治优化

教育部哲学社会科学研究重大项目浙江省哲学社会科学规划领军人才专项课题浙江省哲学社会科学规划年度课题

2022JZD00922QNYC16ZD22NDJC098YB

2024

行政与法
吉林省行政学院

行政与法

CHSSCD
影响因子:0.338
ISSN:1007-8207
年,卷(期):2024.(7)