Objective To investigate the effect and regulation mechanism of miR-181a-5p on papillary thyroid carcinoma(PTC)cells.Methods The expressions of miR-181a-5p and thyrotropin receptor(TSHR)in PTC tissues,and the targeting relationship between these two genes were analyzed using bioinformatics tools,and their relationship was verified by dual-luciferase reporter assay.After TPC-1 cells transfected with miR-181a-5p inhibitor and shTSHR,the expression levels of miR-181a-5p,TSHR,E-cadherin,N-cadherin and Vimentin were detected by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction or western blot assay.The effects of miR-181a-5p and TSHR on the viability and invasion of TPC-1 cells were detected by MTT and Transwell assay.Results The expression of miR-181a-5p was up-regulated in PTC tissues and cells(P<0.001),and the expression of TSHR was low in thyroid carcinoma tissues,and miR-181a-5p could directly target TSHR.Down-regulation of miR-181a-5p inhibited viability and invasion,and the expression of N-cadherin and Vimentin(P<0.01),but promoted the expression of E-cadherin in TPC-1 cells(P<0.001).TSHR knockdown produced the opposite result(P<0.01),and partially reversed the effect of miR-181a-5p downregulation on TPC-1 cells(P<0.01).Conversely,down-regulation of miR-181a-5p could reverse the effect of TSHR knockdown(P<0.05).Conclusions Downregulation of miR-181a-5p inhibited the malignant progression of PTC cells by promoting the expression of TSHR.