Objective: To Investigate the efficacy and safety of buprenorphine hydrochloride injection in treatment of cancer pain. Methods:70 advanced malignant tumor patients with moderate or severe cancer pain were enrolled in our hospital. They were divided into two groups:observation group ( 35 cases) and control group ( 35 cases). Patients in the control group were treated with morphine hydrochloride injection, and the observation group was treated with buprenorphine hydrochloride injection. The course of treatment was 1 week. The analgesic effect and adverse drug reaction were compared between two groups. Results: The analgesic effect of the observation group was better than the control group (P<0.05). The number of patients in observation group with adverse reactions were significantly less than that of the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion:It has obvious effect of buprenorphine and morphine in treatment of cancer pain. The analgesic effect of buprenorphine is better than that of morphine, and it has less adverse reactions. It is worth to be popularized in treatment of cancer pain.