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Nitrogen assimilation in plants:current status and future prospects

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Nitrogen(N)is the driving force for crop yields;however,excessive N application in agriculture not only increases production cost,but also causes severe environmental problems.Therefore,comprehensively understanding the molecular mechanisms of N use efficiency(NUE)and breeding crops with higher NUE is essential to tackle these problems.NUE of crops is determined by N uptake,transport,assimilation,and remobilization.In the process of N assimilation,nitrate reductase(NR),nitrite reductase(NiR),glutamine synthetase(GS),and glutamine-2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase(GOGAT,also known as glutamate syn-thase)are the major enzymes.NR and NiR mediate the initiation of inorganic N utilization,and GS/GOGAT cycle converts inorganic N to organic N,playing a vital role in N assimilation and the final NUE of crops.Besides,asparagine synthetase(ASN),glutamate dehydrogenase(GDH),and carbamoyl phosphate syn-thetase(CPSase)are also involved.In this review,we summarize the function and regulation of these enzymes reported in three major crops-rice,maize,and wheat,also in the model plant Arabidopsis,and we highlight their application in improving NUE of crops via manipulating N assimilation.Anticipated challenges and prospects toward fully understanding the function of N assimilation and further exploring the potential for NUE improvement are discussed.

Nitrogen assimilationNitrate reductionAmmonium assimilationNitrogen use efficiencyCrops

Xiujie Liu、Bin Hu、Chengcai Chu

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State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics,Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology,The Innovative Academy for Seed Design,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China

College of Advanced Agricultural Science,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China

Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory,Sanya,Hainan 572025,China

College of Agriculture,South China Agricultural University,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510642,China

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Major Program of Guangdong Basic and Applied Research

2019B030302006

2022

遗传学报
中国遗传学会 中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所

遗传学报

CSTPCDCSCDSCI
影响因子：0.821
ISSN：1673-8527
年,卷(期)：2022.49(5)
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