首页|明代天师符箓权问题探讨——以《皇明恩命世录》为中心

明代天师符箓权问题探讨——以《皇明恩命世录》为中心

扫码查看
符箓权是天师道政治和经济权力的重要体现.《皇明恩命世录》是明代张真人(以下按照习惯统一称天师)家族所受皇恩的记录,其中涉及符箓权的内容有8条,体现了明代天师与帝王、家族、地方、僚属等的复杂关系:一、符箓特权的不断被侵害体现了符箓垄断权与符箓的现实需要之间的矛盾,度牒的恩赏反映了天师与王权面对社会现实矛盾时的相互调适;二、符箓特权被侵害的事实体现了天师官僚贵族化后家族内部的利益矛盾,并通过天师教位继承问题集中反映出来,嫡长子继承制对明代中后期天师道发展意义重大;三、君王的敕诏揭示出依附在符箓权上的巨大利益及彼时天师与宗族、地方及僚属关系的复杂微妙;四、符箓权的矛盾衍生出天师家族继承权问题,并延伸出明代天师的致仕惯例和君王的赐婚惯例,表明寄生在王权上的天师及天师道的世俗性.可以说,通过《皇明恩命世录》中的符篆权问题,大体可以管窥明代天师的生存境况,进而看到明代龙虎山天师道盛衰的原因.
A Study of Ownership of Prophecy in the Ming Dynasty
The ownership of the prophecy is an important embodiment of the political and economic power of Zhengyi Tianshi Dao in the Ming Dynasty.Emperor Ming's Life of Grace is a record of the emperor's grace re-ceived by Taoist master's family in the Ming Dynasty.There are 8 articles concerning the talisman,which reflects the complex relationship between Tianshi and emperors,families,localities and subordinates in the Ming Dynas-ty:1.The continuous infringement of the talisman's privilege reflects the contradiction between the monopoly of talisman's right and the practical need of talisman,and the grace of the ruler reflects the mutual adjustment be-tween the celestial master and the monarchy in the face of the social reality contradiction;2.The fact of being in-vaded also reflects the conflict of interest within the family after the aristocratization of the Tianshi bureaucracy;3.the great interests attached to the talisman authority need to be maintained by various forces;4.Through the contradiction of the right of succession of the Tianshi family,the practice of giving official status to the Tianshi and the marriage granting of the emperor in the Ming Dynasty are extended.

Huang Ming en Mingshi Lutalisman rightHeavenly Master of Ming DynastyHeavenly Master Dao

黄定华

展开 >

宜春学院,江西 宜春 336000

《皇明恩命世录》 符箓权 明代天师 天师道

2024

宜春学院学报
宜春学院

宜春学院学报

影响因子:0.271
ISSN:1671-380X
年,卷(期):2024.46(7)