在《资本论》第一卷第二版跋中,马克思指出自身的辩证法与黑格尔的辩证法之间处于三种关系,不仅"截然相反"(direktes Gegenteil),并且还能够"倒立"(auf dem Kopf),但最主要的是"倒过来"(umstüpeln).由此,前两种关系所叙述是在理论哲学视角中阐发马克思对黑格尔辩证法的批判,这只是强调黑格尔的辩证法对象和应用是神秘的,却没有在实践哲学立场上考察辩证法本身的变化和应用.因此以往的解释没有对辩证法本身的神秘外壳进行彻底回答.实际上,马克思正是在黑格尔的实践哲学视域下应用了"倒过来"(umstüpeln)的方法论上才将辩证法建立在社会历史活动的基础上,并实现了对黑格尔辩证法的批判.
On Reinterpretation of Marx's Criticism of Hegel's Dialectics:a Case Study of Lenin's"Unity of Three Dialectics"
In the postscript of the second edition of Das Kapital,Marx pointed out that there are three relation-ships between his own dialectics and Hegel's dialectics,not only"completely opposite(direktes Gegenteil)",but also can"handstand(auf dem Kopf)",but the most important is"upside down(umstüpeln)".Therefore,the description of the first two relations is to elucidate Marx's criticism of Hegel's dialectics from the perspective of theoretical philosophy,which only emphasizes that the object and application of Hegel's dialectics are mysterious,but does not examine the changes and application of dialectics itself from the standpoint of practi-cal philosophy.So the previous explanations did not give a thorough answer to the mysterious shell of dialectics it-self.In fact,it was precisely from the perspective of Hegel's practical philosophy that Marx applied the methodol-ogy of"reverse(umstupeln)"to establish dialectics on the basis of social and historical activities,and realized the criticism of Hegel's dialectics.
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