Study on the Model of"Agricultural Super-docking"Considering Green Technology Investment
The"agricultural super-docking"model has become one of the new sales models for farmers and agri-cultural enterprises to sell agricultural products due to its advantages of reducing circulation links,reducing transaction costs,and ensuring the quality of agricultural products.However,supermarkets are always dominant in the supply chain of agricultural supermarkets,so supermarkets can maximize their profits by making ordering and pricing decisions,which will reduce farmers'motivation to engage in green production and not be conducive to the sustainable development of supermarkets in the long run.Based on this,how to design a cooperation strat-egy for the"agricultural super-docking"model to motivate farmers to provide greener agricultural products and enable both farmers and supermarkets to achieve Pareto improvement is a problem worth studying.Some scholars have considered the advantages of the"agricultural super-docking"model and the contract design issues between farmers and supermarkets in existing research on the"agricultural super-docking"model,but have not consid-ered the disadvantaged position of farmers in the model and the sales of green agricultural products in supermar-kets.Only a few mathematicians have considered the role of farmers'cooperatives.Farmers'cooperatives are usually established through government promotion.On the one hand,they are more binding on farmers,and on the other hand,when supermarkets sign contracts with cooperatives,they have the advantage of lower accounta-bility costs in case of default compared to signing contracts with individual farmers.Therefore,it is necessary to study the"agricultural super-docking"supply chain composed of farmers,cooperatives,and supermarkets.In addition,research on the supply chain of green agricultural products mainly focuses on using empirical research methods to explore the main factors affecting farmers'green investment,including farmers'own characteristics,consumer preferences,etc.There is a lack of research on the sales of green agricultural products in the"agricul-tural super-docking"model,and there is a lack of research on the relevant decisions of green agricultural prod-ucts from the perspective of supply chain operation optimization.This article introduces the level of green investment into the"agricultural super-docking",while considering the planting risks of agricultural products.Based on the advantages of strong binding force on farmers and low cost of supermarket accountability,farmers'cooperatives are introduced into the"agricultural super-docking"to study the green investment decision-making problem of farmers and the optimal decision-making problem of supermarkets under two different supply chain models:"farmers+supermarkets"and"farmers+farmers'coop-eratives+supermarkets".Specifically,the optimal green investment and wholesale price decisions of farmers in three models:the"farmer+supermarket"model,the"farmer+farmer'cooperative+supermarket"model based on gross profit commission contracts,and the"farmer+supermarket"model based on net profit commis-sion contracts,analyze the impact of factors such as unit cost,sensitivity of demand to greenness,and cost coefficient of green technology investment on the optimal decision-making of supply chain entities,and vertically compare the expected utility of supermarkets under different modes.The research has found that farmers have the highest level of green technology investment under a central-ized supply chain,followed by the"farmers+farmers'cooperatives+supermarkets"model based on net income commission contracts.The higher the sensitivity of consumers to green degree,the higher the expected utility of farmers and the level of green technology investment.The higher the unit cost of agricultural products,the cost coefficient of green technology investment,and the degree of risk aversion of farmers,the lower the level of green technology investment of farmers.The higher the proportion of variable commission,the lower the level of invest-ment in green technology and the expected utility of farmers under the"farmers+farmers'cooperatives+super-markets"model based on gross profit commission contracts.When the cost coefficient of green technology invest-ment,fixed commission,and variable commission ratio are less than a certain value,the expected utility of farm-ers under the"farmers+farmers'cooperatives+supermarkets"model based on net income commission contracts will be the highest,and farmers will have the greatest enthusiasm for joining this contract.In addition,under various modes,farmers'risk aversion will to some extent reduce their optimal green technology investment and optimal wholesale prices,while the expected utilitv of farmers and supermarkets will also decrease.
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