Innovation Efficiency Evaluation of China's Provincial High-tech Industry Based on Bi-objective DEA Model
Innovation is a core driving force of economic growth and a critical factor to promote national competi-tiveness.High-tech industry,based on knowledge-intensive technologies and the integration of multi-disciplinary technological achievements,is a main source of innovation,an important pillar industry for China's economic development,and an important force to enhance national scientific and technological competitiveness and indus-trial core competitiveness.To scientifically and reasonably evaluate the innovation efficiency of high-tech industry is of great significance for optimizing the allocation of innovation resources of high-tech industry,enhancing its innovation competitiveness,and promoting its position in the global industrial chain and supply chain.Based on the innovation value chain theory,the high-tech industry innovation activity is generally divided into two successive sub-processes:R&D process and commercialization process.To be specific,R&D process measures the ability to transform R&D inputs into scientific and technological outputs,and commercialization process measures the ability to marketize the scientific and technological achievements.The two-stage data envel-opment analysis(DEA)model has been widely used in innovation efficiency evaluation of high-tech industry.Previous studies usually portray the relationship between the two sub-processes of R&D and commercialization according to the assumption of"leader-following",and then evaluate the innovation efficiency and sub-process efficiency of high-tech industry,ignoring the cooperative relationship between the R&D and commercialization sub-processes.Strengthening the mutual cooperation between the two sub-processes of R&D and commercializa-tion is important to enhance the innovation efficiency and innovation capacity of high-tech industry,and maintain its sustainable and efficient development.Incorporating the idea of win-win cooperation,this study extends the traditional two-stage DEA model and develops a bi-objective DEA model from the perspective of the cooperation between the R&D process and commercialization process.The proposed bi-objective DEA model treats the two sub-processes equally and equitably,that is,it maximizes each sub-process's efficiency simultaneously and autonomously and determines the optimal stage weight corresponding to each sub-process.By traversing the Pare-to optimal efficiency of two sub-processes,the optimal solution of the bi-objective DEA model can be obtained.Then,taking 29 provincial-level high-tech industries in mainland China as the research object(Qinghai and Tibet are excluded because of data missing),the proposed model is used to evaluate and analyze their overall innovation efficiency,R&D efficiency,and commercialization efficiency of 29 provincial-level high-tech indus-tries in mainland China from 2013 to 2015,which corresponds to three consecutive innovation periods i.e.,2013 represents 2013-2015;2014 represents 2014-2016;2015 represents 2015-2017.The empirical results show that:First,the overall innovation efficiency of China's high-tech industry is low,and the innovation efficiency of high-tech industries in half of the provinces is lower than the national aver-age,which indicates much room for improvement.Second,for the vast majority of provinces,the R&D efficiency is greater than the commercialization efficiency,and the low commercialization efficiency is the main reason for the low overall innovation efficiency.Third,there exists a difference in the overall innovation efficiency,R&D efficiency,and commercialization efficiency of high-tech industries between provinces as well as regions.Specif-ically,the eastern area has the best overall innovation efficiency and sub-process efficiency,while the northeast-ern one performs the worst in terms of overall and sub-process efficiency.The central area has better overall inno-vation efficiency and commercialization efficiency than the western one,but performs worse in R&D efficiency than the western one.Last,we divide 29 provincial-level high-tech industries into four categories according to R&D efficiency and commercialization efficiency:high R&D efficiency and high commercialization efficiency,low R&D efficiency and high commercialization efficiency,low R&D efficiency and low commercialization efficiency,and high R&D efficiency and low commercialization efficiency.And then we propose specific strate-gies for improving the innovation efficiency of each provincial high-tech industry.This study enriches the theory and method of innovation evaluation,and provides a new perspective for the evaluation of innovation efficiency of high-tech industries,which has an important theoretical value and practical significance.
国家科技期刊平台
NSTL
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