This paper comprehensively reviews the current situation and development trend of geotechnical engineering investigation and testing technology,and sorts out the classification,advantages and disadvantages and future development trend of soil in-situ testing technology and rock in-situ testing technology.The results show that the development of testing technology towards automation,digitization and intelligentization is the future trend,and Artificial Intelligence and Internet of Things technology have outstanding application potential in real-time data analysis and remote monitoring.