Synthesis of 2,7-Diaryl Substituted Fluorenes and Fluorenones
2,7-Diaryl substituted fluorenes and fluorenones are widely used in fields of organic semiconductor,chemosensor,and metallocene catalysis.Traditional synthesis methods can not meet the requirements of flexible molecular structures and regulation of diverse properties.Aryl-aryl cross coupling reactions based on the catalysis of Pd and Ni complexes have become efficient methods for the preparation of 2,7-diaryl substituted fluorenes and fluorenones.Various types of metal catalysts with phosphine ligands and N-heterocyclic carbene ligands have been applied.The synthetic methods of 2,7-diaryl substituted fluorenones and 2,7-diaryl substituted fluorenes with or without 9-substitutions,and the conditions for the application of Pd and Ni complexes are reviewed.The challenges of various synthetic methods at present are summarized and a brief outlook on possible solutions is provided.
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