摘要
目的 本研究旨在了解民族地区初中生外化问题行为的发生情况,探究心理韧性与外化问题行为的关系,为提高民族地区初中生心理健康水平提供依据.方法 采用整群随机抽样方法,对民族地区初级中学18个班级的学生进行问卷调查,内容包括基本人口学信息、Achenbach青少年自评量表(2001年修订版)、青少年心理韧性量表.结果 民族地区初中生退缩抑郁因子和注意问题因子得分低于重庆市初中生,其他因子得分、内化因子得分和外化因子得分高于重庆市初中生(P＜0.05);女生、母亲最高学历为大专及以上的初中生外化行为总分较高(P＜0.05);年龄≥13岁、民族为壮族和汉族、母亲最高学历初中及高中和大专及以上心理韧性总分较高(P＜0.05);心理韧性高的初中生违纪行为因子和攻击行为因子得分均低于心理韧性得分低的初中生(P＜0.001);相关分析中,心理韧性的目标专注、情绪控制、家庭支持、人际协助和外化问题行为中的违纪行为和攻击行为呈负相关(P＜0.001).结论 民族地区初中生外化行为与心理韧性水平呈负相关,可以通过提高学生心理韧性水平减少外化行为发生,提高初中生心理健康水平.
Abstract
Objective This study aims to investigate the prevalence of externalizing problem behaviors a-mong junior high school students in ethnic minority regions,explore the relationship between psychological re-silience and these behaviors,and provide a foundation for enhancing the mental health of these students.Methods Using a cluster random sampling method,we conducted a questionnaire survey on students from 18 classes in junior high schools in ethnic minority regions.The survey included basic demographic information,the Achenbach Youth Self-Report(2001 revision),and the Adolescent Psychological Resilience Scale.Results The scores for withdrawal depression and attention problems among junior high school students in ethnic mi-nority regions were lower than those of their counterparts in Chongqing,while the scores for other factors,in-ternalizing factors,and externalizing factors were higher(P＜0.05).Female students and those whose moth-ers had a college degree or higher had higher total scores for externalizing behaviors(P＜0.05).Students aged 13 or older,of Zhuang and Han nationality,and whose mothers had a junior high school,high school,or col-lege education or higher,had higher total scores for psychological resilience(P＜0.05).Students with high psychological resilience had lower scores for indiscipline and aggressive behavior factors than those with low re-silience(P＜0.001).In the correlation analysis,there was a negative correlation between psychological resili-ence(including target focus,emotional control,family support,interpersonal assistance)and externalizing problem behaviors(including indiscipline behaviors and aggressive behaviors)(P＜0.001).Conclusion Ex-ternalizing problem behaviors among junior high school students in ethnic minority regions were negatively cor-related with psychological resilience levels.Enhancing psychological resilience may help reduce the occurrence of externalizing behaviors and improve the mental health status of these students.
维普
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