Research Progress in Analytical Methods of Biomarker GDGTs in Geological Environments
Glycerol dialkyl glyceryl tetraethers(GDGTs)are a class of environment biomarkers that are widely found in the environment of oceans,lakes,soils,and peat.GDGTs usually exist as intact polar lipids(IPL-GDGTs)in living cells,while they exist as core lipids stripped of polar head groups(CL-GDGTs)in geological environments.CL-GDGTs are structurally stable and sensitive to environmental changes and are considered to be a powerful tool for reconstructing palaeoclimate-palaeoenvironmental changes.GDGTs are structurally complex and diverse,coexisting with other compounds and present low contents,which brings challenges in analysis,especially in separation,purification,and quantification.This article summarizes the classification and structure of GDGTs,and presents a summary and comparison of methods for the separation and purification of IPL-GDGTs and CL-GDGTs in the environment.Multiple extraction methods can be used for CL-GDGTs,while the polar and thermally unstable IPL-GDGTs are preferably extracted using the Bligh-Dyer method.This article reviews the characteristics and limitations of various analysis methods,including liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry,nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy,and gas chromatography-isotope ratio mass spectrometry.The BRIEF REPORT is available for this paper at http://www.ykcs.ac.cn/en/article/doi/10.15898/j.ykcs.202306100077.
glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers(GDGTs)extractionseparation and purificationcontent analysisstructural identificationisotopic analysis
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