摘要
纤维素是生物质资源最典型的代表,诸多科研者将纤维素的改性及其在吸附中的应用作为一大研究重点.文章首先介绍通过机械粉碎法、高温蒸煮法、低温破碎法、蒸汽爆破法、微波/辐射法、酸法、碱法、生物法对天然纤维素进行预处理,然后介绍了纤维素的改性方法,主要有:氧化改性、酯化改性、醚化改性和接枝改性.氧化改性可引入醛基、酮基、羧基、烯醇基,酯化改性可引入羧基,接枝改性可引入氨基、酰胺、磺酸基等官能团.为提高纤维素的吸附性能,可根据纤维素的结构和吸附物质要求,对纤维素选用适当的预处理方法和改性方法.
Abstract
Cellulose is the most typical representative of biomass resources,and many researchers focus on the modification of cellulose and its application in adsorption.This paper first introduces the pretreatment of natural cellulose by mechanical crushing method,high-temperature cooking method,low temperature crushing method,steam blasting method,microwave/radiation method,acid method,alkali method and bio-logical method,and then introduces the modification methods of cellulose,mainly including:oxidation modification,esterification modification,etherification modification and grafting modification.Oxidative modification can introduce aldehyde groups,ketone groups,carboxyl groups,e-nol groups,esterification modification can introduce carboxyl groups,and grafting modification can introduce functional groups such as amino,amide and sulfonic acid groups.In order to improve the adsorption performance of cellulose,appropriate pretreatment methods and modification methods can be selected for cellulose according to the structure and adsorption substance requirements of cellulose.
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