Conservation genomics provides insights into genetic resilience and adaptation of the endangered Chinese hazelnut,Corylus chinensis

Zhen Yang ¹Lisong Liang ¹Weibo Xiang ²Lujun Wang ³Qinghua Ma ¹Zhaoshan Wang¹

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作者信息

1. Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation,National Forestry and Grassland Administration,Research Institute of Forestry,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Beijing 100091,China
2. National Engineering Research Center of Eco-Environment Protection for Yangtze River Economic Belt,China Three Gorges Corporation,Beijing 100083,China;Rare Plants Research Institute of Yangtze River,China Three Gorges Corporation,Yichang 443133,China
3. Research Institute of Economic Forest Cultivation and Processing,Anhui Academy of Forestry,Hefei 230031,China
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Abstract

Global climate change has increased concerns regarding biodiversity loss.However,many key conser-vation issues still required further research,including demographic history,deleterious mutation load,adaptive evolution,and putative introgression.Here we generated the first chromosome-level genome of the endangered Chinese hazelnut,Corylus chinensis,and compared the genomic signatures with its sympatric widespread C.kwechowensis-C.yunnanensis complex.We found large genome rearrange-ments across all Corylus species and identified species-specific expanded gene families that may be involved in adaptation.Population genomics revealed that both C.chinensis and the C.kwechowensis-C.yunnanensis complex had diverged into two genetic lineages,forming a consistent pattern of southwestern-northern differentiation.Population size of the narrow southwestern lineages of both species have decreased continuously since the late Miocene,whereas the widespread northern lineages have remained stable(C.chinensis)or have even recovered from population bottlenecks(C.kwechowensis-C.yunnanensis complex)during the Quaternary.Compared with C.kwechowensis-C.yunnanensis complex,C.chinensis showed significantly lower genomic diversity and higher inbreeding level.How-ever,C.chinensis carried significantly fewer deleterious mutations than C.kwechowensis-C.yunnanensis complex,as more effective purging selection reduced the accumulation of homozygous variants.We also detected signals of positive selection and adaptive introgression in different lineages,which facilitated the accumulation of favorable variants and formation of local adaptation.Hence,both types of selection and exogenous introgression could have mitigated inbreeding and facilitated survival and persistence of C.chinensis.Overall,our study provides critical insights into lineage differentiation,local adaptation,and the potential for future recovery of endangered trees.

Key words

Conservation genomics/Demographic history/Inbreeding/Genetic load/Runs of homozygosity/Local adaptation

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基金项目

National Natural Science Foundation of China(32101541)

National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFD2200400)

出版年

2024

植物多样性(英文)

中国科学院昆明植物研究所，中国植物学会

植物多样性(英文)

CSTPCD

影响因子：0.617

ISSN：2096-2703

参考文献量101

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