The utilization of hydrate-based capture and storage of CO2 presents a promising avenue for substantial emissions reduction,contributing significantly to achieving carbon neutrality goals and addressing climate change.This paper delves into the foundational aspects of gas hydrates,including their properties,formation mechanisms,and models,as well as hydrate synthesis within porous media and the use of molecular dynamics simulations for understanding hydrate formation.Key challenges identified in the synthesis process of gas hydrates include the limited solubility of CO2 in porous media,which poses a significant hurdle in precisely determining the storage capacity of CO2 hydrates.Additionally,the local structural mechanisms,particularly nucleation processes involved in gas hydrate formation,are highlighted as complex areas that warrant further investigation.The paper also evaluates the potential of coal-bearing strata,especially in high-latitude and permafrost regions,as viable underground repositories for CO2 storage via hydrate formation.This approach not only offers a method for reducing atmospheric CO2 levels but also leverages the unique geological characteristics of these regions to enhance the efficiency and stability of CO2 storage.In summary,while hydrate-based CO2 capture and storage technologies hold considerable promise for climate change mitigation,addressing the scientific and technical challenges identified in this review is crucial for advancing the field and optimizing the efficacy of this storage method.
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