摘要
传统湿法冶金技术存在反应速度慢、处理效率低、能耗高以及环境污染等局限性.为了克服这些限制,超声技术作为一种新兴的湿法冶金强化手段,因其高效、环保的特性展现出巨大的应用潜力.综述了超声技术在湿法冶金中的应用,包括其基本原理、作用机制,以及在浮选、矿物粉碎、浸出、萃取、金属电沉积、吸附/脱附过程和纳米材料合成等多个环节中的积极作用.超声技术通过增强化学反应过程,加速浸出,提升金属提取效率,同时减少化学试剂的使用,降低环境污染.此外,超声技术还在提高产品纯度、改善晶体生长和沉积物形态等方面具有积极作用.随着技术的发展,超声技术有望在推动湿法冶金行业向更绿色、环保的方向发展中发挥更加重要的作用.
Abstract
Conventional hydrometallurgical technology has some limitations such as slow reaction speed,low processing efficiency,high energy consumption and environmental pollution.In order to overcome these limitations,ultrasound technology,as an emerging means of hydrometallurgical enhancement,shows great application potential due to its high efficiency and environmental friendly characteristics.The application of ultrasound in hydrometallurgy was reviewed,including its basic principles,mechanism of action,and active role in various aspects of flotation,mineral comminution,leaching,extraction,metal electrodeposition,adsorption/desorption processes,and synthesis of nanomaterials.Ultrasound accelerates leaching and improves metal extraction efficiency by enhancing the chemical reaction process,while reducing the use of chemical reagents and environmental pollution.In addition,ultrasound technology has a positive effect in improving product purity,crystal growth and sediment morphology.With the development of technology,ultrasound technology is expected to play a more important role in promoting the hydrometallurgy industry to the greener and more environmentally friendly direction.
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