Conventional hydrometallurgical technology has some limitations such as slow reaction speed,low processing efficiency,high energy consumption and environmental pollution.In order to overcome these limitations,ultrasound technology,as an emerging means of hydrometallurgical enhancement,shows great application potential due to its high efficiency and environmental friendly characteristics.The application of ultrasound in hydrometallurgy was reviewed,including its basic principles,mechanism of action,and active role in various aspects of flotation,mineral comminution,leaching,extraction,metal electrodeposition,adsorption/desorption processes,and synthesis of nanomaterials.Ultrasound accelerates leaching and improves metal extraction efficiency by enhancing the chemical reaction process,while reducing the use of chemical reagents and environmental pollution.In addition,ultrasound technology has a positive effect in improving product purity,crystal growth and sediment morphology.With the development of technology,ultrasound technology is expected to play a more important role in promoting the hydrometallurgy industry to the greener and more environmentally friendly direction.
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