In order to analyze the pollution characteristics and human health risks of heavy metals in water around Poyang Lake,18 surface water samples were collected around Poyang Lake.The sources and distribution of heavy metals in water were analyzed,and the health risks of heavy metals in water were evaluated according to the risk assessment model of the United States Environmental Protection Agency(USEPA).The main cations of the water in the study area are Ca2+,and the anions are HCO3-,SO42-and Cl.The hydrochemical genesis is mainly rock weathering and mineral hydrolysis,which is partly controlled by atmospheric precipitation.The average concentration of heavy metal elements in surface water is Fe>Ba>Mn>Mo>Zn>Cu>Ni>Pb.Fe,Mo,Ni and Mn have different degrees of exceeding the standard,which mainly comes from fertilizer application,factory emissions and other activities.The HQder and HI>1 of Mo for children and adults,and the HQder and HI>1 of Ba for children,it will causes great harm to human health.The study provides a scientific basis for the protection of water resources around Poyang Lake.