摘要
硼是一种关键的非金属战略矿产资源,广泛应用于化工、冶金、建材、纺织和核技术等领域,其在新兴战略产业中的重要性日益凸显.本文综述了硼的地球化学特性、同位素分馏行为及全球主要硼矿的分布与成因机制.硼在自然界中的分布存在显著差异,地壳中的含量明显高于地幔.在不同地质过程中,硼元素经历了分异作用,导致不同岩石单元的硼同位素发生分馏.硼在地壳中的超常富集过程会形成硼酸盐矿物,这些矿物的形成条件(包括温度、压力和氧逸度)对于硼矿床成因研究具有重要意义.本文探讨了几种主要硼矿床的矿物组成及其成因机制,包括火山沉积型、现代盐湖型、海相蒸发盐型、矽卡岩型和沉积-变质型矿床.此外,中国的硼矿类型也十分丰富,其中最重要且储量最大的硼矿床为辽吉地区的沉积-变质型和青海-西藏地区的盐湖型硼矿床.文中详细介绍了这两类硼矿床的矿物组合特征、产状、年代及成矿模式,并对未来研究中存在的关键科学问题进行了梳理.
Abstract
Boron is a critical non-metallic strategic mineral with extensive applications across chemical manufacturing,metallurgy,building materials,textiles,and nuclear technology,particularly in strategic industries.This paper reviews the geochemical characteristics of boron,its isotopic fractionation,and the distribution and genesis of major boron deposits globally.Boron shows significant variation in its natural distribution.The continental crust has significantly higher boron concentrations compared to the mantle.During various geological processes,boron tends to undergo differentiation,leading to the boron isotopic fractionation across different reservoirs.The enrichment of boron in the crust leads to the formation of borate minerals.Understanding the formation and transition conditions of the borate minerals,such as temperature,pressure,and oxygen fugacity,is crucial for understanding the genesis of boron deposits.This paper introduces the mineral assemblage and formation mechanisms of several major types of boron deposits,including volcanic-sedimentary,modern salt lake,marine evaporite,skarn-type,and sedimentary-metamorphic borate deposits.China also hosts different types of boron deposits,with the most significant reserves found in two areas:the sedimentary-metamorphic deposits in the Liaoning-Jilin area and the salt lake deposits in the Qinghai-Xizang area.This paper provides a detailed overview of these prominent borate deposits,including their mineral assemblage,occurrences,ages,and metallogenic models.Based on previous studies,the key scientific questions for future research are discussed.
基金项目
国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC2903502)
国家自然科学基金项目(92062214)
国家自然科学基金项目(42072221)
国家自然科学基金项目(42172104)
中国地质科学院基本科研业务费(J2302)
中国地质科学院基本科研业务费(JB2304)
维普
万方数据