摘要
目的 了解北京市怀柔区2岁以下婴幼儿的神经心理发育状况,分析不同性别、不同月龄的发育差异,以促进婴幼儿身心健康.方法 采用首都儿科研究所制定的《0～6岁儿童神经心理发育量表》对9 382例就诊婴幼儿进行测评,并根据发育商进行结果分析.结果 9 382例婴幼儿中,发育迟缓婴幼儿共459例,占4.9%;其中,单能区发育迟缓397例(86.5%),多能区发育迟缓62例(13.5%).男孩在精细动作(1.4%)、语言(1.1%)和社交行为(2.9%)方面的发育迟缓发生率均高于女孩(P＜0.05).4～6月龄、7～9月龄、10～12月龄、13～18月龄、19～24月龄的婴幼儿分别在适应能力(2.0%)、大运动(1.5%)、精细动作(1.5%)、社交行为(12.5%)、语言(3.0%)方面的发育迟缓率相对较高.进一步分析显示:7～9月龄女孩的精细动作和语言发育商高于男孩;10～12月龄和13～18月龄的女孩在精细动作、语言和社交行为方面的发育商高于男孩;13～18月龄女孩在精细动作和语言的发育商高于男孩,19～24月龄女孩在五大能区上的发育商得分均高于男孩;以上差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 男孩发育迟缓的发生情况较严重,主要表现在精细动作、语言和社交行为三个方面,需要引起家长的重视,采取早期干预措施,并通过整合医学专业知识与教育实践,以促进婴幼儿神经心理健康发展.
Abstract
Objective To investigate the neuropsychological development of infants and young children under 2 years old in Huairou District of Beijing,and analyze the development differences between genders and age groups to promote the physical and mental well-being of infants and young children.Methods The Neuropsychological Development Scale for Children aged 0～6 years developed by Capital Institute of Pediatrics was utilized to evaluate a total of 9 382 infants and young children,and the results were analyzed based on the development quotient.Results Among the 9 382 infants and young children,there were 459 infants and young children with developmental retardation,accounting for 4.9%.Out of these cases,monomeric retardation accounted for 397(86.5%),while multifunctional retardation accounted for 62(13.5%).Boys had higher incidence of developmental retardation in fine motor(1.4%),language(1.1%)and social behavior(2.9%)than girls(P<0.05).4～6 months,7～9 months,10～12 months,13～18 months,19～24 months of age of infants and young children and young children respectively in adaptive ability(2.0%),gross motor(1.5%),fine motor(1.5%),social behavior(12.5%),language(3.0%)of the developmental retardation rate is relatively high.Further analysis showed that the fine motor and language development quotients of girls aged 7～9 months were higher than those of boys.Girls aged 10～12 months and 13～18 months had higher developmental quotients than boys in fine motor,language and social behavior.The developmental quotient of girls aged 13～18 months was higher than that of boys in fine motor and language,and the developmental quotient scores of girls aged 19～24 months were higher than those of boys in the five energy areas.The above differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion The incidence of developmental retardation in boys is more serious,mainly in fine motor,language and social behavior.Parents need to pay attention to it,take early intervention measures,and integrate medical knowledge and educational practice to promote the development of neuropsychological health in infants and young children.
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