Liwu-style copper deposit:Is it a volcanic-hosted massive sulfide deposit or a deformation-metamorphic deposit?——On the importance of metallogenesis in the genetic classification of ore deposits
The Liwu-type copper deposit,located at the junction of Jiulong County in Sichuan's Garze Prefecture and Mianning County in Liangshan Prefecture,bordering the Yalong River,is structurally positioned at the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau,in the trailing edge of the Longmenshan-Jinping Mountain thrust nappe belt,formed within the Jianglang dome by extensional detachment. As one of the copper deposits in the Precambrian strata in China,the Liwu-type copper deposit is celebrated for its high-quality ore and is termed the "Liwo rich copper deposit. " Nevertheless,there has been ongoing controversy regarding its deposit genesis type:is it a volcanic massive sulfide deposit or a deformation-metamorphic deposit?This article summarizes the geologi-cal structural background and metallogenic geological processes of this type of copper deposit. On this basis,the source of the ore-forming materials is analyzed. In the end,by assessing the relationship between various metal-logenic geological processes in terms of time and space and the metallogenic geological body,it is judged that volcanogenic-sedimentary processes provided a significant source of ore-forming materials for the formation of the copper deposit,while deformation-metamorphism is the primary metallogenic process for the formation of the Liwu-type copper deposit. Considering only the metallogenic geological processes and the metallogenic geological body,the Liwu-type copper deposit should be considered a metamorphic rock-type deposit associated with large-scale deformation structures,bearing the characteristics of volcanic genesis sulfide deposits. This holds important practi-cal significance for guiding the exploration of this type of rich copper deposit in the region.
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