Histological evaluation of early soft tissue healing after periodontal microsurgery in canines
AIM:This study aimed to compare the differences in early soft tissue healing between periodontal microsurgeries and traditional periodontal surgeries.METHODS:Four adult dogs(age:12～14 months,weight:6～7 kg)were used in the study.Twenty-four buccal gingival surgical sites were randomly assigned to a control group and a microsurgical group.The control group underwent surgery using traditional surgical instruments and performed under direct vision,while the microsurgical group underwent surgery using microsurgical instruments under an operating microscope.The surgical sites were observed and recorded preoperatively,immediately postoperatively,and at 1,3,and 5 days postoperatively.Tissue samples were taken and fixed at 3 and 5 days postoperatively.Vertical tissue sections were made perpendicular to the incisions and subjected to HE staining,cytokeratin 14 immunohistochemical staining,and Sirius Red staining.Tissue sections were scanned and analyzed using a high-resolution pathological section scanning and analysis system.In addition,two symmetrical sites were selected on the palatal mucosa for incision morphology observation.The control group underwent surgery under direct vision,while the microsurgical group underwent surgery under an operating microscope.RESULTS:Observation using a super depth-of-focus microscope showed minimal tissue damage and no significant tearing observed in the microsurgical group.Macroscopic observation revealed no infections in either group;however,the control group exhibited greater tissue swelling and more evident incision marks.The proportion of early healing incisions achieving a healing index score of 1 at 5 days postoperatively was 33％in the control group and 83％in the microsurgical group.At 3 days postoperatively,the control group exhibited more pronounced inflammatory reactions,with higher inflammation scores than the microsurgical group(P<0.05).At 5 days postoperatively,the microsurgical group showed better epithelial closure with a more intact structure,and higher re-epithelialization scores compared to the control group(P<0.05).Observation using polarized light microscopy of Sirius Red-stained tissue at 5 days postoperatively demonstrated a higher proportion of type Ⅲ collagen fiber area in the microsurgical group compared to the control group,with statistical significance(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Periodontal microsurgeries result in minimal tissue damage,reduced tissue reaction,preservation of tissue structure,improved incision closure,faster postoperative healing,and higher-quality healing compared to traditional periodontal surgeries.
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