Impact of various irrigation activation methods of biological ceramic root canal sealer
AIM:Evaluate the impact of various irrigation activation techniques—Syringe and Needle Irrigation(SNI),Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation(PUI),Sonically Activated Irrigation(SAI),EDDY,and Photon Induced Photoacoustic Streaming(PIPS)—on iRoot SP root canal sealer's push-out bond strength and dentinal tubule permeability.METHODS:Fifty-eight human premolar samples were randomly divided into four groups.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)observed dentin wall fragments and dentinal tubules.Confocal laser scanning microscopy(CLSM)assessed sealant sealing ability,and push-out tests measured bond strength.RESULTS:SEM showed SNI left most dentinal tubule openings covered by debris,PUI had a uniform debris layer with few tubule openings,while EDDY and PIPS left smooth surfaces with visible tubule openings.Compared to SNI and PUI,EDDY and PIPS enhanced bond strength and penetration depth of iRoot SP.CONCLUSION:SNI,PUI,EDDY,and PIPS partially removed debris and opened dentin tubules.EDDY and PIPS improved bonding strength and tubule permeability compared to SNI and PUI,with EDDY offering greater convenience,cost-effectiveness,and clinical value.EDDY has the potential for clinical popularization and application.
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