城乡遗产保护的矛盾从扩张性开发对建成环境的蚕食转向存量更新对遗产价值延续的冲击,历史公园作为建成文化景观遗产,其风貌演化见证了近百年来城市公园从传统向近现代的转型.但由于历史公园存续时间较长,存在不同时期的功能叠加,其完整性及真实性已受损,正在面临历史风貌特征破碎、遗产价值认知不清等严峻挑战.因此历史公园的风貌演化特征及机制是什么以及如何评估历史公园的文化景观遗产价值成为关键议题.借助CiteSpace知识图谱分析工具,择取Web of Science核心合集和CNKI数据库中2000-2023年的相关研究进行可视化计量分析,首先通过发文量、关键词、机构合作网络等图谱梳理研究热点及趋势,而后针对其文化景观视角下的特征识别、风貌演化、价值认知及评估等研究展开探讨.结果表明:(1)相关政策的颁发对研究动态具有明显的引导作用;(2)微观层面的物质研究正在被宏观的层积性动态演进所取代;(3)研究方法由文献考古拓展到数字信息、地理空间等多维可视信息技术的应用.由此明晰历史公园在由静态物质保护向价值认知转向过程中存在的研究不足,以期为历史公园的活态保护更新、城乡遗产的可持续演进提供参考.
Progress and Trends of Research on Style and Feature Evolution of Historical Parks from the Perspective of Cultural Landscape
The contradiction of urban and rural heritage conservation has shifted from the encroachment of expansive development on the built environment to the impact of stock renewal on the continuation of heritage value.Historical parks,as built-up cultural landscape heritage,their style and feature evolution have witnessed the transformation of urban parks from traditional to mod-em over the past hundred years in terms of landscape evolution.However,due to the long existence of historical parks and the superposition of functions in different periods,their integrity and authenticity have been impaired,and they are facing serious challenges such as fragmentation of the characteristics of historical landscapes and unclear recognition of heritage values.Therefore,what are the characteristics of and mechanisms for the landscape evolution of historical parks?How to assess the heritage value of cultural landscapes in historic parks has become a key issue.With the help of CiteSpace knowledge mapping analysis tool,relevant studies from 2000 to 2023 in Web of Science Core Collection and CNKI database were selected for visualization and metrological analysis.Firstly,research hotspots and trends were sorted out through the maps of publication volume,keywords,and institutional cooperation network,and then the studies on feature identification,landscape evolution,value recognition and assessment from the perspective of cultural landscape were discussed.The results show that:(1)The issuance of relevant policies has an obvious guiding effect on the research dynamics.(2)The material research at the micro level is being replaced by the dynamic evolution of macroscopic layer accumulation.(3)The research methodology has been expanded from documentary archaeology to the application of multi-dimensional visual information technology.This clarifies the research shortage of historical parks in the process of shifting from static material conservation to value perception,with a view to providing reference for the renewal of living conservation of historical parks and the sustainable evolution of urban and rural heritage.
landscape architecturehistoric parkculture landscapefeature evolutionheritage value
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