首页|基于鸟类多样性保护的上海中心城区生态网络构建研究

基于鸟类多样性保护的上海中心城区生态网络构建研究

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城市化进程的高速发展不仅影响着城市生态系统,还威胁着城市生物多样性.城市生态网络是保障生态过程、维护生态安全、提升城市生态系统服务的有效途径,科学构建生物多样性保护空间网络是保障并提升生物多样性水平的必要措施.基于上海中心城区鸟类空间分布点位、气象、土地利用、植被指数及夜光灯指数数据,通过物种分布模型识别出鸟类适生区,进而筛选生态源地和构建鸟类活动阻力面,并结合最小成本路径模型模拟生成鸟类多样性保护的上海中心城区生态廊道.研究表明:(1)建筑物面积占比和植被指数NDⅥ是影响鸟类分布最为重要的因素,建筑物面积占比越小,植被指数植NDVI越高,鸟类生境适宜性越高;(2)识别出的60个生态源地平均中心度为321.98,主要位于外环绿带及楔形绿地区域,合计面积4 975.47 hm2,占全部高适生区的55.26%,其中最大斑块面积431.73 hm2,外环绿带及城中楔形绿地区域是鸟类的重要栖息地;(3)建筑物占比较多、人类活动频繁、植被覆盖相对较少的城市中央活动区鸟类迁移阻力较高,外环绿带对生态网络整体连通性至关重要.研究成果为高密度城市建成区的生物多样性保护和生态空间格局优化提供了新的视角和科学支撑,对城市生态规划和可持续发展具有重要意义.
Construction of Ecological Networks in the Center Urban Area of Shanghai Based on Bird Diversity Conservation
The rapid development of urbanization affects urban ecosystems and threatens urban biodiversity.Urban ecological networks effectively ensure ecological processes,maintain ecological security,and enhance urban ecosystem services.Scientifically con-structing a biodiversity conservation spatial network is necessary to guarantee and improve biodiversity levels.Based on bird spatial distribution points,meteorological data,land use,vegetation index,and night light index data in the central urban area of Shanghai,this study identified suitable bird habitats through species distribution models,selected ecological sources,and con-structed a bird activity resistance surface.It also simulated the creation of ecological corridors for bird diversity conservation in central Shanghai by the least-cost path model.The study shows that:(1)The proportion of buildings and NDVI(Normalized Difference Vegetation Index)are the most critical factors affecting bird distribution,and the smaller the proportion of building area and the higher the NDVI will achieve the higher the habitat suitability for birds;(2)The 60 identified ecological sources have an average centrality of 321.98,mainly located in the outer ring green belt and wedge-shaped green areas,covering a total area of 4 975.47 hm2,accounting for 55.26%of all high-suitability areas,among which the largest patch area being 431.73 hm2;(3)Urban central activity areas with a higher proportion of buildings,frequent human activities,and relatively less vegetation cover have higher bird migration resistance,and the outer ring green belt is crucial to the overall connectivity of the ecological network.The study provides a new perspective and scientific support for urban biodiversity protection and ecological spatial pattern optimization,which is significant for urban ecological planning and sustainable development.

bird diversity conservationspecies distribution modelsleast cost pathcircuit theoryecological spatial pattern

张瀚月、张冬梅、张浪、余浩然

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上海市园林科学规划研究院,城市困难立地生态园林国家林业和草原局重点实验室,国家林业和草原局城市困难立地绿化造林国家创新联盟,上海城市困难立地绿化工程技术研究中心,上海 200232

南京林业大学风景园林学院,南京 210037

鸟类多样性保护 物种分布模型 最小成本路径 电路理论 生态空间格局

国家自然科学基金面上项目上海市科委社会发展科技攻关计划上海市科委社会发展科技攻关计划上海市园林科学规划研究院青年启动项目

3217156923DZ120440022DZ12022002023-2-1

2024

10.12193/j.laing.2024.04.0042.006

园林
中国风景园林学会 上海市园林科学研究所

园林

影响因子：0.13
ISSN：1000-0283
年,卷(期)：2024.41(4)
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