Investigating the Effects of Ecological Restoration and Climate Change on the Ecological Resilience of Saline-Alkali Soils in the Northern Bohai Sea:A Multi-Source Data Perspective on a Typical Coastal Site
Specifically,coastal saline-alkali land,encompassing tidal flats and saline-alkali soil,serves as a vital transitional ecological zone and reserve area between sea and land,playing a pivotal role in maintaining environmental equilibrium and conserving ag-ricultural production along China's eastern coastal regions.Focusing on a representative saline-alkalized block on the northern coast of Bohai Bay,this study used multi-source ground observation data to outline the soil background and salinization while quantifying the impact of artificial ecological restoration and climate change on the ecosystem's resilience in this area.The find-ings revealed a notably high degree of soil salinization,with alkaline soil primarily concentrated inland and saline-alkali soil predominantly distributed in the nearshore areas.By integrating many data sources,including remote sensing data,digital eleva-tion models,reanalyzed climate data,international soil layer data,and soil salinity prediction data,the comprehensive earth ob-servation dataset exhibited promising potential for assessing the ecological resilience of coastal saline-alkali land.Notably,the analysis underscored the joint influence of historical land use changes and climate change processes on the stability of the area's ecosystem.Notably,the substantial shifts in land cover and land use types over the past four decades significantly diminished the resilience of the vegetation ecosystem,leading to limited effectiveness of recent ecological restoration endeavors.This was evidenced by the post-restoration dominance of medium-abundance shrub-grass vegetation(with NDVI of approximately 0.64),contrasting with the pre-restoration state characterized by high-abundance vegetation(with NDVI of roughly 0.74).Moreover,climate change-induced extreme weather events,such as floods and droughts,substantially compromised the survival capacity of artificially restored vegetation(resulting in an NDVI reduction to 0.30),thereby impeding the natural recovery process of the area.The outcomes of this study provide essential technical support for the scientific protection and sustainable utilization of coastal saline-alkali land.
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