摘要
通过分析内蒙古自治区石拐矿区2003年、2013年及2023年的土地覆盖数据,探讨土地覆盖及景观格局变化并分析其驱动力.土地覆盖数据使用ENVI遥感软件分析2003年、2013年、2023年Landset 30 m精度卫星图;采用Fragstats软件计算土地覆盖及景观格局变化.结果表明:土地覆盖转移主要发生在石拐矿区的西南部,其中2003-2013年主要是农田和灌草地向建设用地、灌草地向林地的转移;2013-2023年主要是农田向灌草地、灌草地向未利用地、灌草地向林地的转移.石拐矿区在近20年的土地覆盖变化为:农田和灌草地不断减少、林地持续增加、未利用土地先减少后增加、水体面积较稳定.石拐矿区灌草地约占整个矿区80％的面积,是该矿区的主要土地覆盖类型,灌草地、林地、农田、建设用地及未利用地先碎化后集中,其中发生转化的是一些小斑块,而主要的景观斑块并没有受到太大影响,矿区土地覆盖整体呈现出均衡化和多样化的发展趋势.石拐矿区土地覆盖及景观格局变化受政策影响较大,例如棚户区搬迁、石拐新区和工业园区建设以及生态修复工程等.研究结果与石拐矿区土地利用总体规划中各类型用地的变化趋势、变化幅度相同,具有较高的准确性,可以为该矿区人居环境的高质量建设和可持续发展提供理论依据.
Abstract
By analyzing the land cover data of the Shiguai mining area in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in 2003,2013,and 2023,this paper explores the changes in land cover and landscape pattern and their driving forces.Use ENVI remote sensing software to analyze Landset-30m precision satellite images of land cover data in 2003,2013,and 2023.The changes in land cover and landscape pattern were calculated using Fragstats software.The results show that from 2003 to 2013,the Shiguai mining area mainly experienced three types of land cover transfers:farmland to construction land,irrigated grassland to con-struction land,and irrigated grassland to forest land,concentrated primarily on the southwest of the mining area;From 2013 to 2023,there were mainly three types of land cover transfers:farmland to irrigated grassland,irrigated grassland to unused land,and irrigated grassland to forest land,concentrated primarily on the southwest of the mining area.The land cover in the Shiguai mining area has continuously decreased over the past twenty years,with an increase in forest land and a decrease in irrigated grasslands.The water area is relatively stable,and unused land has decreased first and then increased.Shredded grassland is the primary coverage type of the mining area,accounting for about 80％of the entire mining area.Farmland,forest land,irrigated grassland,construction land,and unused land are fragmented and then concentrated,and some small patches transform.The prominent landscape patches are not significantly affected,and the overall landscape patches show diversified and balanced de-velopment.The changes in land cover and landscape pattern in the Shiguai mining area are mainly influenced by policy factors,including coal mine closure,shantytown relocation,Shiguai New Area,industrial park,and ecological restoration projects.The research results are consistent with the trend and magnitude of changes in various types of land in the overall land use planning of Shiguai District and have high accuracy.They can provide a theoretical basis for the high-quality construction and sustain-able development of the living environment in the mining area.
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万方数据