摘要
目的 基于美国食品药品管理局不良事件报告系统(FAERS)数据库,对未成年人群中引起哮喘的药物进行数据挖掘,以期为相关药物的临床应用提供参考.方法 收集FAERS数据库中2013年第1季度至2022年第4季度的不良事件报告并筛选出未成年(＜18岁)人群发生哮喘不良事件的报告,按不同年龄段分为婴儿、幼儿、儿童和少年,采用报告比值比法、综合标准法和信息成分法进行信号挖掘.结果 经筛选后共获取1915份报告,涉及男性1 042例(54.41％),女性831例(43.39％);报告人群年龄在12～＜18岁占比最高,共762例(39.79％);60.78％的报告由卫生专业人员上报;临床转归结果显示,85.90％的病例发生严重不良事件.筛选出306种可疑药物,经判定为有效信号的药物52种,涉及1 044例病例,其中16种药物的说明书未提及哮喘风险,依次为依洛硫酸酯酶α、卡那单抗、妥布霉素、万古霉素、头孢曲松、西替利嗪、去氧肾上腺素、伊米苷酶、头孢呋辛、倍他米松、阿托品、他达拉非、瑞舒伐他汀、环磷酰胺、奥曲肽和奥美拉唑.结论 通过对FAERS数据库进行药品不良事件信号挖掘,利用比例失衡法评价得出可能引发未成年人群药源性哮喘且说明书未记载的16种药物,可为临床做好预警工作.同时,应重点关注特殊人群,加强用药前肺功能评估及用药中、用药后的监测,及时采取干预措施,以降低药品不良事件的危害,确保安全用药.
Abstract
Objective To conduct data mining of asthma-inducing medications in underage populations based on the U.S.Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System(FAERS)database,so as to provide reference for the clinical application of related medications.Methods Adverse drug event(ADE)reports from the first quarter of 2013 to the fourth quarter of 2022 in the FAERS database were collected and screened for reports of asthma adverse events in the this population(under 18 years old),which were categorized into infants,toddlers,children,and adolescents according to different age groups,and were subjected to medication signal mining by using the reporting odds ratio method,the composite standardized method,and the information component method.Results A total of 1 915 reports were obtained after screening,involving 1 042(54.41％)males and 831(43.39％)females;the highest percentage of the reporting population was between 12 and under 18 years old,with a total of 762(39.79％);60.78％of the reports were reported by health professionals;and the results of the clinical referrals showed that serious adverse events occurred in 85.90％of the cases.306 suspected drugs were screened,52 drugs were determined to be valid signals,and 1 044 adverse events were reported,of which 16 drug inserts did not mention the risk of asthma,in order of elosulfatase alpha,canakinumab,tobramycin,vancomycin,ceftriaxone,cetirizine,phenylephrine,imiglucerase,cefuroxime,betamethasone,atropine,tadalafil,riscovastatin,cyclophosphamide,octreotide,and omeprazole.Conclusion The FAERS database was mined for adverse drug event signals and evaluated using the proportional disequilibrium method to identify 16 medicines that may trigger pharmacogenetic asthma and are not documented in the specification,which can be used to provide a good early warning for the clinic.At the same time,focusing on special populations,strengthening the assessment of lung function before medication and monitoring during and after medication,timely interventions were taken to reduce the harm of drug-derived adverse reactions and ensure the safe use of medication.
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