改革开放40余年中国幸福观的内容维度与历史沿革——基于词嵌入技术的计算文本分析
The Content Dimensions and Historical Evolution of the Chinese Concept of Happiness in More Than 40 Years Since the Reform and Opening up-Computational Text Analysis Based on Word Embeddings Technology
李志强 1蔡慧 2韩馨颖 2刘佳妮 3冉雅璇2
作者信息
- 1. 中国人民大学商学院
- 2. 中南财经政法大学工商管理学院
- 3. 香港大学管理与经济学院
- 折叠
摘要
改革开放四十余年以来,快速变迁的社会环境对中国社会的文化心理产生了深远影响,中国社会对"何为幸福"的认知也经历着时代变迁.文章首先通过梳理相关文献和采用深度访谈方法,提炼出兼具民族特色和时代特征的五大幸福观维度——"物质满足""人际支持""自我实现""自然和谐"和"家国情怀".在此基础上,文章基于1979-2021年《人民日报》上的新闻文本数据,采用词嵌入(word embeddings)技术(一种刻画词汇间语义关联的机器学习方法)刻画中国幸福观的历史演变.结果发现,对于"何为幸福"这一问题,"自我实现"的重要性呈上升趋势,以"家国情怀"为中心的传统幸福理念也逐渐得到巩固;自千禧年以来,"物质满足"基础幸福观维度整体式微,"自然和谐"幸福观维度的地位迎来了社会的重视.通过构建幸福变化指数发现,近40年来五个历史时期(1982-1984年、1991-1993年、2000-2002年、2013-2014年、2017-2018年)里的经济社会变动对中国幸福观的变化产生了较大影响.文章不仅从横向(研究范式)与纵向(跨时段视角)拓展了社会文化心理的相关研究,而且对构建国民幸福指标体系和发展幸福产业具有指导意义.
Abstract
This paper investigates that an emerging computerized text analysis technique,word embeddings,can capture cul-tural and concept change.In this paper,we utilize this technique to quantify temporal dynamics of the concept of happiness be-tween 1979-2021 in China.We first conducted in-depth interviews and thus formed five dimensions that generally represent Chinese people's conception of happiness,including physical need,social support,self-actualization,environment harmony and patriotism.We then used word embeddings to analyze the associations of five dimension with well-being.Results show that the correlation between happiness and physical need declines over time while happiness's correlations with self-actualization and with patriotism go upward obviously.What's more,individualism("self-actualization")and collectivism-oriented("patriotism")dimension shows a consistent trend,this means that traditional value centerring on family and country interest has also been preserved at present age.Although the harmonious relationship with natural environment has not gotten enough at-tention in general,it tends to go upward these years.By comparing diachronic changes among five dimensions,this research captures the social economic shifts,e.g.,the Reform and Opening-up in the end of 1970s,economic reform since 1992,new millennium of 2000,the new era after 2013.Our method further proves to be valid by showing that changes in the embed-ding track closely with a series of domestic social surveys.Our research demonstrates the powerful utility of computational text a-nalysis and would facilitate intersection between machine learning and social science.
关键词
幸福观/文化心理变迁/词嵌入/大数据文本/自然语言处理Key words
concept of happiness/cultural psychological change/word embeddings/text analysis/natural language learning引用本文复制引用
基金项目
国家自然科学基金项目(72272152)
国家自然科学基金项目(71802192)
中央高校基本科研业务费项目(2722022BY013)
中央高校基本科研业务费项目(2722023EZ005)
出版年
2024
NETL
NSTL
万方数据