The Historical Evolution of Kunming's Urban Function in Pre-modern Times
The"city type"in the study of Urban history is a historical proposition.Although the main functions of a specific city will remain stable over a long run,unpredictable situations may occur.Kunming,a typical main border city connecting the central plains in southwest China,developed rapidly during the border crisis of the late Qing Dynasty.In pre-modern times,Kunming went through important historical events such as Independent Port Opening,National Protection Uprising,the Anti Japanese War,and grew up from a traditional frontier provincial centre to a city complex.During the conversion,the major urban functions of Kunming underwent multiple transformations.The article incorporates the urban functions of Kunming into the research scope of modern southwestern border history,and re-examines the evolution of modern Kunming's urban functions.