美国定向能机动近程防空(directed energy maneuver-short range air defense,DE M-SHORAD)计划通过击伤、摧毁或压制旋转翼无人机、固定翼无人机以及火箭弹、火炮炮弹、迫击炮弹(rockets,artillery and mortar,RAM)等威胁目标,为机动部队提供伴随防空,对抗新兴威胁,属于美国陆军防空反导现代化的优先项目之一.首先介绍了DE M-SHORAD研制计划;其次详细分析了系统结构,并由系统参数评估了系统的作战性能;最后梳理了系统的研制进展.通过综合分析可知,DE M-SHORAD系统采用最佳组件,通过快速原型方法实现激光武器系统在装甲车上的集成;为降低技术风险,该计划在发展方式上分为两个阶段,首先集成、测试 2 kW～5 kW机动实验型高能激光器(mobile experimental high-energy laser,MEHEL),然后再研制 50 kW级的多任务高能激光器(multi-mission high-energy laser,MMHEL).经计算可得:MEHEL和MMHEL对无人机的最大射程分别约为0.77 km、4.8 km.
Development analysis of American directed energy maneuver short-range air defense program
American directed energy maneuver-short range air defense(DE M-SHORAD)program provides air protection to the maneuvering forces by defeating,destroying,or neutralizing rotary-wing unmanned aircraft systems(UAS),fixed-wing UAS,and rockets,artillery and mortar(RAM)threats,which is one of the priorities of the army air defense and anti-missile modernization.Firstly,the development program of DE M-SHORAD system was introduced.Then,its system architecture was analyzed in detail,and the combat performance was deduced from the system parameters.Finally,the development progress of the system was reviewed.Through the comprehensive analysis,it was showed that the DE M-SHORAD system adopted the optimal components for the integration of laser weapon systems on armored vehicles through a rapid prototyping approach.In order to mitigate the technical risks,the development approach of this program was divided into two phases,first integrating and testing the 2 kW～5 kW mobile experimental high-energy laser(MEHEL),and then developing the 50 kW multi-mission high-energy laser(MMHEL).The calculation results show that the maximum range of MEHEL and MMHEL for UAS is about 0.77 km and 4.8 km,respectively.
laser technologydirected energy maneuver-short range air defense systemrapid prototypinglaser weaponhigh-energy laserarmored vehicle
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