激光表面改性技术在轨道交通领域的应用
Application of Laser Surface Modification Technology in the Field of Railway Transportation
李炜 1张玉鼎 1鞠龙华1
作者信息
- 1. 上海工程技术大学城市轨道交通学院,上海 201620
- 折叠
摘要
激光表面改性技术作为一种新兴的材料处理技术,通过激光束与材料表面的相互作用,实现对材料表面性能的显著改善.综述了激光熔覆、激光冲击强化、激光相变硬化与激光毛化的基本原理、在轨道交通领域的研究现状及具体应用.激光熔覆在基体材料表面制备不同种熔覆层,实现性能改善或修复,重点在于控制表面及热影响区的残余应力,并抑制裂纹萌生.激光冲击强化在材料亚表面产生冲击波,提高其硬度、耐磨性,重点在于材料表面残余应力的分布规律、抗疲劳断裂机理的研究.激光相变硬化在材料表面产生高硬度、低韧性的马氏体,提高表面硬度,改善其耐磨性,重点在于搭接区残余应力控制.激光毛化在零件表面生成微结构,改善表面性能,重点在于优化工艺参数,提升材料性能.最后,提出激光表面改性技术考虑改性机理、应用研究对象的发展方向.
Abstract
Laser surface modification technology improves material surface properties through the interaction of a laser beam with the material surface.This paper reviews the fundamental principles,current research status,and specific applications of laser cladding,laser shock peening,laser transformation hardening,and?laser texturing?in rail transportation.Laser clad-ding prepares various cladding layers on the surface of the substrate material to improve its properties or repair it,with a focus on controlling residual stresses in the surface and heat-affected zone and inhibiting crack initiation.Laser shock peening gener-ates shock waves in the subsurface of the material to increase its hardness and wear resistance,emphasizing the study of residual stress distribution patterns and fatigue fracture resistance mechanisms on the material surface.Laser transformation hardening creates high-hardness,low-toughness martensite on the material surface,improving surface hardness and wear resistance,with a focus on controlling residual stresses in the overlap zone.Laser texturing enhances surface properties by generating micro-structures on part surfaces,prioritizing the optimization of process parameters to improve material surface quality.The paper concludes by suggesting directions for future development of laser surface modification technology,focusing on modification mechanisms and applied research areas.
关键词
轨道交通/激光熔覆/激光冲击强化/激光相变硬化/激光毛化Key words
railway transportation/laser cladding/laser shock peening/laser transformation hardening/laser texturing引用本文复制引用
出版年
2024
NETL
NSTL
万方数据