现代汉语"X来"式合成词溯源
On the Origin of Synthetic Words X lai(来)in Modern Chinese
梁银峰1
作者信息
摘要
文章把现代汉语"X来"式合成词分为四类:"古来"类、"从来"类、"后来"类、"想来"类.这四类"X来"内部结构不同,历史来源也不同.具体来说,"古来"类来源于汉语史上表时间的方位短语"自/从X以来",出于语言的经济原则,"自/从X以来"缩略为"X来";"从来"类来源于汉语史上具有名词功能的短语"所X来","X"和"来"本不在同一结构层次上,由于经常相邻出现,逐渐跨层词汇化为双音词;"后来"类直接从动词性偏正短语"X来"词汇化而来,不像前两类"X来"经过了形式上的缩减过程;"想来"类来源于动趋式"X来"的泛化,"来"逐渐由趋向动词(作补语)虚化为类词缀.
Abstract
Synthetic words X lai of modern Chinese can be divided into four typical types: respec-tively, i.e. , gulai(古来), conglai(从来), houlai(后来) and xianglai(向来). These four types have different internal constructions and origins. (ⅰ)The type of gulai originated from the orientative phrase zi/cong(自/从) X yilai(以来) indicating time. (ⅱ)The type of conglai originated from the nominal phrase suo(所) X lai, and X lai became a disyllabic word due to adjacency factor. (ⅲ)The type of houlai originated directly from its homomorphic forms, namely, secondary-primary verbal phrase X lai, and this type of compounds involved a process of lexicalization. (ⅳ)The type of xiang-lai originated from the extension of verb-direction phrase X lai, and the character lai evolved finally from a directional word into a quasi suffix.
关键词
合成词/结构/差异/来源/词汇化/语法化/"X来"Key words
synthetic words structure difference origin lexicalization grammaticalizationX lai引用本文复制引用
出版年
2009
NETL
NSTL
万方数据