Grammaticalization of the Modal Particle"hai"in Chaozhou Dialect
"Hai"(还)is used as an adverb and sentence-final modal particle which can be named"hai1"and"hai2"respectively in Chaozhou Min dialect."Hai2"can form the structure"XP1+hai2"."Hai2"has two functions including:(a)as particles in rhetorical questions("hai2a");(b)as affirma-tive particles("hai2b").The usage of"hai2"developed from"hai1"through syntactic ellipsis and re-analysis.Transformation of the structure results in the focus of the semantic scope of hai to move for-ward and accordingly the semantic content changes,which leads to the evolution of"hai2a"＞"hai2b".
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