Yusi(喻四)Initial and Ding(定)Initial in Wei Shu(魏书)and Other Related Literatures
There are a few taboo names involving the relationship between the yusi(喻四)initial and the ding(定)initial in the history book Wei Shu(魏书)and the contemporaneous literature,on which there have been no consensus since ancient times.By comparing the relative materials and com-bining the evolution law of the consonants d-and j-in northern Altaic languages,it can be seen that the mixed pronunciation of the yusi(喻四)initial and the ding(定)initial in the Middle-Chinese lit-erature was affected by the Altaic languages.It is because the Altaic languages was undergoing the change of d->j-in the middle ancient times that the phenomenon of interlacing of yusi(喻四)initial and the ding(定)initial was still retained in the Chinese dialects in the frontier area through language contact with Xianbei,Turkic/Uighur and Mongolian languages,although this change has been com-pleted in the Chinese standard language at the same time.
Middle Chinese phonologyYusi initialDing initialWei Shuthe language of Altaic familylanguage contact