摘要
水凝胶在生物医学、脑机接口、传感器、制动器等高科技领域具有广泛的应用前景.然而,水凝胶在面对不同应用环境时仍存在力学性能上的挑战,包括易发生拉伸断裂、塑性变形以及疲劳破坏等问题,这严重限制了其应用范围.为了增强水凝胶的力学性能以适应不同的工作条件,本研究对当前不同组分水凝胶所具备的力学性能以及多种力学强化水凝胶的典型应用进行了综述.首先,对水凝胶的成分构成进行了介绍,包括天然聚合物水凝胶和合成聚合物水凝胶等.进而,通过系统总结不同水凝胶的力学特性和强化方式,深入剖析了抗拉强度、黏接强度和疲劳阈值等力学性能的优化途径.最后,指明了具有优秀力学性能水凝胶相应的应用场景,并对未来的发展方向进行了展望.本综述提供了水凝胶力学性能提升的多元化视角和解决方案,为设计特定需求的新型水凝胶材料提供了科学指导.
Abstract
Hydrogels hold great promise in various high-tech fields such as biomedicine,brain-machine interfaces,flexible sensors,and soft actuators.However,they still face mechanical challenges when encountering different application environments,including susceptibility to tensile fracture,plastic deformation,and fatigue failure,which severely limit their application range.To enhance the mechanical properties of hydrogels to adapt to different working conditions,this study makes a comprehensive review of the mechanical properties of current hydrogel formulations and typical applications of various mechanically reinforced hydrogels.First,the composition of hydrogels is introduced,including natural polymer hydrogels and synthetic polymer hydrogels.Then,by systematically summarizing the mechanical characteristics and reinforcement methods of different hydrogels,the optimization pathways of mechanical properties such as tensile strength,adhesive strength,and fatigue threshold are analyzed in depth.Last,potential application scenarios for hydrogels with excellent mechanical properties are identified,and future development directions are discussed.This review provides a diverse perspective and solutions for enhancing the mechanical properties of hydrogels,providing scientific guidance for designing novel hydrogel materials tailored to specific requirements.
基金项目
国家重点研发计划(2022YFB3205400)
国家自然科学基金(52275570)
重庆市自然科学基础研究项目(cstc2021jcyjmsxmX0801)
陕西省科技新星项目(2023KJXX-001)
维普
万方数据