摘要
将种子按照籽粒大小进行分级是提高玉米群体整齐度、增加产量的有效途径.本研究在2022年以登海605为试验材料进行大田试验,根据玉米种子粒型大小,设置5个籽粒分级处理:大粒(L)、中等圆粒(MR)、中等扁粒(MF)、中等圆粒和中等扁粒混合(MRF)、小粒(S),以不分级为对照(CK),研究了不同处理的出苗率、群体整齐度(包括株高、穗位高、茎粗)、壮苗指数、光合特性、干物质积累分配特性和产量.结果表明:各处理的出苗率表现为L＞MR＞MRF＞MF＞CK＞S,L处理的出苗率与MR、MF和MRF处理没有显著差异,但显著高于S和CK处理.MRF处理第7展叶期前的株高和茎粗群体整齐度与L、MR、MF和S处理没有显著差异,显著高于CK,在抽雄期各处理都具有较高的株高群体整齐度;L、MR、MF、MRF和S处理的穗位高群体整齐度分别比CK显著提高了 11.1％、10.3％、9.5％、7.1％和6.4％.MRF处理的壮苗指数与L、MR、MF和CK处理无显著差异,比S处理显著提高了 36.7％.L和MRF处理各生育期的群体叶面积指数较CK显著提高,两处理均具有较高的群体光合特性.各处理的群体干物质积累量表现为L＞MR＞MRF＞MF＞CK＞S;L处理的群体干物质积累量与MR和MRF处理没有显著差异,但显著高于MF、CK和S处理.种子分级后,L和MRF处理的收获穗数显著增加,各处理的产量表现为L＞MR＞MRF＞MF＞CK＞S,其中,L处理的产量最高,MRF处理的产量与MR、MF处理无显著差异,S处理的产量最低.可见,大粒种子处理的各指标较优,但数量较少,综合考虑分级成本和产量,采用中等圆粒和中等扁粒混合种子处理可以节省播种量,实现机械化播种和精量播种.
Abstract
Grading seeds based on grain size is an effective measure to improve population regularity degree and increase the yield of summer maize.Taking Denghai 605 as the experimental material,we set up a field experiment with treatments based on grain size:large seeds(L),medium-round seeds(MR),medium-flat seeds(MF),medium-round and medium-flat mixed seeds(MRF),and small seeds(S),with no-grading seeds as control(CK).We investigated seedling emergence rate,population regularity degree(including height,ear height and stem diameter),seedling sturdiness index,photosynthetic characteristics,dry matter accumulation and distribution characteristics,and yield.The results showed that the emergence rate followed an order of L＞MR＞MRF＞MF＞CK＞S,with that of L treatment differed little from MR,MF and MRF treatments,but being significantly higher than S and CK treatments.Plant height and stem diameter population regularity degree of MRF treatment before seven-leaf stage was not different from those of L,MR,MF and S treatments,but significantly higher than those of CK.At the tasseling stage,all treatments had higher population regularity degree of plant height than other stages.Ear height population regularity degree of L,MR,MF,MRF,and S increased by 11.1％,10.3％,9.5％,7.1％,and 6.4％compared with CK,respectively.The seedling sturdiness index of MRF treatment increased by 36.7％compared with S treatment,but was not significantly different from L treatment.The leaf area index of the L and MRF treat-ments was significantly higher than that of CK,and both had higher population photosynthetic properties.The popu-lation dry matter accumulation showed a pattern as L＞MR＞MRF＞MF＞CK＞S.There was no significant difference among L,MR,and MRF treatments,but that in L being obviously higher than MF,CK,and S treatments.After seed grading,the number of harvested ears of the L and MRF treatments increased significantly,and the yield were shown as L＞MR＞MRF＞MF＞CK＞S.There was no difference between the yield of MRF,MR and MF treatments.In conclusion,the performance of L treatment was improved but the number was small.Considering the grading cost and yield,the MRF treatment can save the seed amounts of sowing,realize mechanized sowing and precision sowing.
基金项目
山东省重点研发计划项目(2021LZGC014-2)
国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-02-21)
维普
万方数据