摘要
凉山州属四川省三大重点林区之一,也是林火发生的三大重灾区之一.本研究选取当地15种主要经济树种为对象,测定各树种不同器官(叶、枝)的理化性质与燃烧性能,分析不同树种的生物生态学特性、造林学特性及价值特性,研究不同树种的防火性能,旨在筛选适宜凉山州经济林发展的防火树种,有效提升该区域生物防火能力.结果表明:15个树种之间的7种理化性质和燃烧性能指标均呈显著差异,除粗灰分和木质素外,树叶的含水率、热值、燃点、粗脂肪、粗纤维指标权重均高于树枝,树叶的粗纤维指标(9.6％)和树枝的粗灰分指标(9.9％)分别为2种器官中最高权重指标.基于不同树种的防火性能,可将15种树种分为3类:Ⅰ类为优良防火树种,有胡桃、桑;Ⅱ类为较好防火树种,有乌桕、杧果、余甘子、枇杷、女贞、栗、石榴;Ⅲ类为较差防火树种,有华山松、野八角、杨梅、无患子、木樨榄、油茶.胡桃和桑的防火性能较强,可作为凉山州地区防火经济林的优选树种,建议防火隔离林带营建采用Ⅰ～Ⅱ类防火树种,而Ⅲ类树种大面积栽植后应注意防火.
Abstract
Liangshan Prefecture is one of the three major forest areas in Sichuan Province and one of the three ma-jor disaster areas of forest fire.We measured the physicochemical properties and combustion performances of differ-ent organs(leaves and branches)of 15 main economic tree species in Liangshan,and analyzed the bioecology characteristics,silviculture characteristics and value characteristics of different tree species.We investigated the fire resistance of different tree species to screen out fire-resistant species suitable for economic forest development in Liangshan Prefecture,and improve the biological fire prevention ability.The seven physicochemical properties and combustion performances indices of 15 tree species showed significant differences.Except for crude ash and lignin,the weights of moisture content,caloric value,ignition point,crude fat,and crude fibre of leaves were higher than those of branches.Crude fibre index of leaves(9.6％)and the crude ash index of branches(9.9％)were the high-est weight indices of the two organs,respectively.Based on the fire resistance,we divided all the species into three classes,i.e.,class Ⅰ(excellent fire-resistance trees)Juglans regia and Morus alba;class Ⅱ(better fire-resistant trees)Sapium sebiferum,Mangifera indica,Phyllanthus emblica,Eriobotrya japonica,Ligustrum lucidum,Casta-nea mollissima,and Punica granatum;class Ⅲ(poor fire-resistant trees)Pinus armandii,Illicium simonsii,Mo-rella rubra,Sapindus mukorossi,Olea europaea and Camellia oleifera.J.regia and M.alba had fireproof solid per-formance and could be used as the preferred species for fireproof economic forest in Liangshan region.It was sugges-ted that to use class Ⅰ to Ⅱ fire-resistant tree species built the main fireproof isolated forest belt,and pay attention to fire prevention after planting class Ⅲ tree species in a large area.
基金项目
凉山州科技计划重点研发项目(21ZDYF0184)
维普
万方数据