摘要
全球气候变化带来的冬前极端气候灾害已严重影响小麦的壮苗形成.培育壮苗是实现小麦高产高效优质的前提.小麦壮苗培育主要与种子质量、秸秆还田质量、整地质量、播种质量、水肥运筹以及气象因子等密切相关.实际生产中影响小麦壮苗培育的首要因素是种子质量和耕作措施,其优劣决定了小麦出苗的质量;其次是气象因子,决定了小麦幼苗的生长速度和光合生产.前人就小麦壮苗培育与苗情评价已进行了大量的研究.本文重点从冬小麦壮苗评价方法与指标、评价标准的历史变迁以及培育壮苗的主要技术措施4个方面进行对比与总结分析,并对未来小麦壮苗培育与评价方法进行展望,旨在推动冬小麦壮苗评价方法的进一步完善,促进冬小麦幼苗的分类管理、精准指导与精细服务,实现科技壮苗.
Abstract
The extreme weather disasters before winter caused by global climate change seriously affect the forma-tion of strong seedlings of wheat.Cultivating strong seedlings is the premise of realizing high yield,high efficiency,and high quality of wheat.The cultivation of strong wheat seedlings is closely related to seed quality,straw returning quality,land preparation quality,sowing quality,water and fertilizer operation and meteorological factors.Seed quality and tillage measures are the primary factors affecting the cultivation of strong wheat seedlings,which deter-mine the quality of wheat seedling emergence.Secondly,meteorological factors determine growth rate and photosyn-thetic production of wheat seedlings.Mounting studies have addressed the cultivation of strong seedlings and the evaluation of seedling conditions of wheat.This research focused on comparing and summarizing the evaluation methods and indices of strong seedlings of winter wheat,the historical changes of evaluation standards and the main technical measures for cultivating strong seedlings,and proposed the cultivation and evaluation methods of strong seedlings of winter wheat in the future.We aimed to further improve the evaluation method of winter wheat strong seedlings,advance the classification management,precise guidance and fine service of winter wheat seedlings,and realize strong seedlings through scientific and technological ways.
基金项目
国家重点研发计划(十四五)(2023YFD1901005)
农田生态保育与污染防控安徽省重点实验室开放基金(FECPP202001)
安徽省科技重大专项(202003b06020021)
安徽省现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(340000222426000100009)
维普
万方数据