摘要
明确当前我国柑橘产区农户施肥和产量现状,研究不同施肥措施对柑橘生产的影响,可为通过养分优化管理提高我国柑橘产量和品质提供科学依据.本研究在中国知网(CNKI)和Web of Science数据库中检索出柑橘施肥文献92篇,采用整合分析方法分析了农户常规施肥和专家优化施肥的氮(N)、磷(P或P2O5)、钾(K或K2O)肥用量与偏生产力,以及不同优化施肥措施对柑橘产量和品质的影响.结果表明:我国柑橘生产上常规施肥的N、P2O5和K2O用量分别为507.3、262.2和369.3 kg·hm-2.与常规施肥相比,优化施肥的N和P2O5分别降低了 14.7％和8.3％,而K2O增加了 6.6％;氮(N)、磷(P2O5)和钾(K2O)肥偏生产力分别增加了 7.8％、18.4％和14.7％;柑橘产量提高了 11.9％,单果重增加了 2.8％;果实维生素C、可溶性固形物和总糖含量分别增加了 3.1％、5.9％和8.6％,可滴定酸和总酸含量分别降低了 3.4％和3.6％,进而使固酸比和糖酸比分别提高了 14.0％和9.5％.不同优化施肥方式中,NPK优化+中微肥方式增产提质的效果最好,且NPK优化中尤以减施≤25％效果最佳;NPK等量+有机肥的效果高于NPK等量+中微肥,但不同柑橘品种(宽皮柑橘、柚和橙类)对优化施肥的响应不同.优化施肥有助于柑橘产量、肥料利用率和果实品质的协同提升,我国柑橘种植区应因地制宜采取NPK肥减施、中微肥平衡施用和有机培肥土壤的综合养分优化管理措施.
Abstract
Clarifying current situation of farmers'fertilization and yield in citrus producing areas and the effects of different fertilization measures can provide a scientific basis for improving the yield and quality of citrus in China.We retrieved 92 literatures on citrus fertilization from the CNKI and Web of Science to examine the impacts of nitro-gen(N),phosphorus(P or P2O5),and potassium(K or K2O)fertilizer dosage and partial productivity under farmers'conventional fertilization and experts'optimized fertilization,as well as the effects of optimized fertiliza-tion measures on citrus yield and quality by using meta-analysis approach.The average conventional application rates of N,P2O5,and K2O were 507.3,262.2,and 369.3 kg·hm-2 in citrus production in China.Compared with conventional fertilization,optimized fertilization resulted in a reduction of N and P2O5 by 14.7％and 8.3％,an increase in K2O application by 6.6％,which promoted partial productivity of N,P2O5,and K2O fertilizers by 7.8％,18.4％,and 14.7％,correspondingly.The optimized fertilization resulted in 11.9％and 2.8％increase in fruit yield and single fruit weight,while improved vitamin C content(Vc,3.1％),total soluble solids(TSS,5.9％)and total sugar content(TSC,8.6％).Additionally,it also led to a reduction in titratable acid(TA,-3.4％)and total acid content(TAC,-3.6％),and consequently elevated the TSS/TA(14.0％)and TSC/TAC(9.5％).Among different optimized fertilization methods,the effect of optimized NPK+medium and/or micro ele-ment fertilizer on citrus yield and fruit quality was the best,especially NPK decrement ≤25％between optimized NPK measures.The effect of conventional NPK+organic fertilizer was higher than conventional NPK+medium and/or micro element fertilizer.However,different citrus varieties,including mandarins,pomelos,and oranges,showed different responses to optimized fertilization.Optimized fertilization management could synergistically improve citrus yield,fertilizer use efficiency,and fruit quality.Therefore,the strategy of integrated nutrient management1 with reducing NPK fertilizer,balancing medium and/or micro nutrient fertilizer and improving soil fertility by organic fertilizer should be adopted according to local conditions in citrus producing areas of China.
基金项目
国家自然科学基金项目(32272813)
福建省自然科学基金项目(2022J01602)
安徽省农业废弃物肥料化利用与耕地质量提升工程研究中心开放基金项目(AWFUQI202302)
国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-26-01A)
福建农林大学国际镁营养研究所科研基金项目(IMI2018-08)
维普
万方数据