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泥炭地土壤氮排放对气候暖干化响应研究进展

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气候暖干化导致高寒地区泥炭地土壤氮排放急剧增加,但是潜在的微生物调节机制尚不清楚.本文综述了高寒泥炭地土壤氮转化与排放过程对温度升高、水位变化的响应,土壤厌氧氨氧化(Anammox)与NO3-异化还原过程的相互作用,土壤N2O产生路径及其贡献.当前研究的不足体现在:1)只关注土壤N2O排放,忽视了 N2的释放,导致高寒地区泥炭地氮的损失量被严重低估;2)Anammox过程对泥炭地N2排放的贡献未被量化;3)Anammox、细菌反硝化和真菌协同反硝化过程对N2损失的相对贡献缺乏定量评估;4)气候暖干化情景下Anammox和NO3-还原过程的解耦机制尚不清楚.未来研究重点应着力于:构建野外增温、水位控制暖干化模拟试验平台,结合稳定性同位素、分子生物学和宏基因组学技术,围绕格局-过程-机理这条主线,系统评估高寒地区泥炭湿地氮排放(N2O、NO、N2)的量级、组成比例与主控因素,探讨土壤主要脱氮过程的相互作用规律,量化硝化、厌氧氨氧化和反硝化对N2O、N2产生的相对贡献,甄别对暖干化响应敏感的微生物类群,明晰土壤脱氮转变与微生物群落演替之间的耦联关系,揭示土壤脱氮过程对气候暖干化响应的微生物学机理.
Research advances in the response of soil nitrogen emissions from peatlands to climate warming and drying
Climate warming and drying has led to a sharp increase in nitrogen(N)emissions from the boreal peat-land soils,but the underlying microbial-mediated mechanism is still unclear.We reviewed the responses of soil N transformation and emission in alpine peatland to temperature increases and water table changes,the interaction be-tween soil anaerobic ammonia oxidation(Anammox)and NO3-dissimilatory reduction processes,and soil N2O pro-duction pathways and their contributions.There are several knowledge gaps.First,the amount of N loss in peatlands in alpine areas is seriously underestimated because most studies focused only on soil N2O emissions and ignored the release of N2.Second,the contribution of Anammox process to N2 emissions from peatlands is not quantified.Third,there is a lack of quantification of the relative contributions of Anammox,bacterial denitrification,and fungal co-denitrification processes to N2 loss.Finally,the decoupling mechanism of Anammox and NO3-reduction processes under a warming and drying climate scenario is not clear.Considering aforementioned shortages in previous studies,we proposed the directions and contents for future research.Through building an experimental platform with field warming and water level controlling,combining stable isotope,molecular biology,and metagenomics technology,the magnitude,composition ratio and main controlling factors of N emissions(N2O,NO,and N2)in boreal peat-lands should be systematically investigated.The interaction among the main N loss processes in soils as well as the relative contributions of nitrification,anaerobic ammonia oxidation,and denitrification to N2O and N2 productions should be investigated and quantified.Furthermore,the sensitive microbial groups and the coupling between soil N transformations and microbial community succession should be clarified to reveal the microbiological mechanism underlying the responses of soil N turnover process to climate warming and drying.

soil nitrogen emissionnitrificationanaerobic nitrogen transformationfunctional microbial communi-tyboreal peatland

周易、程淑兰、方华军、杨艳、郭一帆、李玉娜、史方颖、王慧、陈龙

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中国科学院大学资源与环境学院,北京 100049

中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所生态系统观测与模拟重点实验室,北京 100101

土壤氮排放 硝化 厌氧氮转化 功能微生物群落 北方泥炭地

国家自然科学基金项目国家自然科学基金项目中国科学院战略先导专项中国科学院战略先导专项井冈山农高区省级科技专项"揭榜挂帅"项目

3177055832101301XDA28130100XDA044040420222-051244

2024

10.13287/j.1001-9332.202406.030

应用生态学报
中国生态学学会 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所

应用生态学报

CSTPCD北大核心
影响因子：2.114
ISSN：1001-9332
年,卷(期)：2024.35(6)