An Analysis of Marx,Engels,Weber and Durkheim's Urban Thought:Did Early Sociologists Have Urban Theories?
Early sociologists illustrated the social components and life characteristics of Western European cities,laying a theoretical foundation for urban studies as an independent discipline.Marx and Engels clarified the concentrated expression of the capitalist mode of production in cities;Weber believed that the medieval pursuit of urban autonomy and rational spirit laid the foundation for the capitalist economic and political system;and Durkheim analyzed the transformation of the urban moral order caused by the division of labor in society.Early sociologists had different focuses on urban thinking,not all of which regarded cities as direct research objects.However,there was consensus in many aspects that cities reflected the basic contradictions and other multiple contradictions of society.However,their special status was only reflected in the transition period from feudal society to capitalist society,and urban issues should be treated in a more macro-level social operation.Therefore,it is not suitable or necessary to establish a future-oriented urban theory.
classdivision of laborurban powerurban autonomymoral order
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