The Study of Urban Space of the Journey Notes from China in the Late Qing Dynasty from the Perspective of Ternary Dialectics:Based on the Ferdinand von Richthofen's Travelling Diaries of China
The famous German geologist Richthofen had a wide range of activities in China,and his Ferdinand von Richthofen's Travelling Diaries of China described the state of urban space in the late Qing Dynasty from multiple aspects.Using Lefebvre's spatial ternary dialectics,this paper examines the urban space in Richthofen's Chinese travelogues from three dimensions:spatial practice,spatial representation and space of representation.Three main aspects are explored:the urban pattern,landscape and physical environment(such as iconic buildings and infrastructures),the symbolic attributes of the city itself(such as spatial segregation,ethics,and norms),as well as the monstrous daily lives of the city dwellers and their resistance to the Western colonizers.Richthofen viewed China with the arrogance of Western colonizers,resulting in a more negative description of urban space.Analyzing the urban space of the late Qing Dynasty in Richthofen's diaries has certain significance for studying the cities and images of China in the late Qing Dynasty.
spatial ternary dialecticsRichthofenFerdinand von Richthofen's Travelling Diaries of Chinaurban spacejourney notes
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