摘要
芽变主要是芽分生组织细胞中的遗传物质发生改变,在果树上经常发生,大多数的芽变为劣变,少数为优变.芽变研究一般从表型和生理指标的比较着手,后续结合分子机制进行研究.对分子机制的检测手段主要有SSR等分子标记检测、转座子的插入缺失检测、InDel突变检测、DNA甲基化检测、高通量测序检测、MITE序列检测等,比较分析芽变与对照差异位点.通过对不同果树果实色泽、成熟期、树形等主要特征变异类型进行归纳总结,分析芽变发生性状变异机制,以期为解析果树芽变发生的分子机制及后续的分子标记辅助育种提供参考.
Abstract
The bud sport mainly result from genetic changes in bud meristem cells,which often occurs on tree fruit,most bud sports are inferior mutants for cultivation,and a few become elite cultivar.Present studies on bud sport generally start with morphological and physiological investigation,and then combine molecular methods to elucidate the mechanism.The methods to detect the presence of mutations mainly include DNA markers such as SSRs and other molecular marker,transposon InDel detection,InDel mutation detection,DNA methylation detection,high-throughput sequencing detection,MITEs sequence detection,etc.Both similarities and differences are detected in various types of bud sports among tree species.By summarizing the color,ripening stage,canopy shape,tree vigor,and other horticultural characteristics of fruit trees,the possible mechanism of bud sport was analyzed.This paper can provide a reference for analyzing the molecular mechanism of bud sport in tree fruits and subsequent marker-assisted breeding.
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