Flowering and Fruiting Behaviour of Two South China Plum Cultivars with Different Ripening Stages in an Area Near the Northern Boundary of the Tropics
Plum belongs to temperate fruit trees,and the high temperature climate in autumn and winter in southern subtropics has a serious impact on its normal growth and development.In order to explore the adaptability of plum near the northern boundary of tropical climate,two South China plum cultivars'Congzao 1'(March plum type,early-maturing)and'Yunkai 1'(Sanhua plum type,medium-maturing)with different maturity periods were used as materials to study their flowering and fruiting behaviours,such as bud differentiation,flowering,fruit set and fruit development in Xinyi City,Guangdong Province,China.The results showed that the morphological differentiation of flower buds commenced at the time when normal season fruits became ripe(20 April and 10 June,respectively)and lasted for about 60 d.In addition to spring shoots,summer shoots and autumn shoots can also initiate and complete the flower bud differentiation process in the current year.The earliest new shoots of'Congzao 1'and'Yunkai 1'first appeared to flower in mid-July and late August,respectively,and then continued to flower normally until late January of the following year,with the whole flowering period lasting about 6 months;they can be classified into five flowering periods,such as summer flowers(July)according to the flowering season,autumn flowers(August to October),winter flowers(November to December),early flowers(mid-January)and the main flowering period(late January to the end of the flowering period),the two cultivars of the secondary flowering period(July to mid-January)accounted for 18.83％and 19.36％of the amount of flowering,respectively;Summer and autumn flowers are mostly malformed and cannot set fruits normally or develop normally.The winter fruits matured in early February and early March,and although the fruits were smaller and more acidic,they still had market value.The quality of the early-flowering fruits improved significantly,and they had high commercial value,and the production of winter-flowering fruits and early-flowering fruits accounted for about 5％to 10％of the total production.Two South China plum cultivars near the northern boundary of the tropical climate showed a fast rate of bud differentiation,and the tops of the tips of the various levels that were produced by the end of September were able to complete bud differentiation,flowering and flowering.The adaptive ability of these two cultivars to the high temperature of autumn and winter may provide inspiration for the study of plum cultivation techniques and the evolution of South China plum cultivars.
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