语言学论丛2024,Issue(3) :65-75,101.

论量词"个"的语源——兼谈"个""介"之别

A Discussion on the Semantic Source of the Classifier Ge(个)——And the Difference Between Ge(个)and Jie(介)

乐优
语言学论丛2024,Issue(3) :65-75,101.

论量词"个"的语源——兼谈"个""介"之别

A Discussion on the Semantic Source of the Classifier Ge(个)——And the Difference Between Ge(个)and Jie(介)

乐优1
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作者信息

  • 1. 311300 杭州,浙江农林大学文法学院
  • 折叠

摘要

"个"是现代汉语中最常用的量词,也是汉语量词史上仅有的两个泛指量词之一.王引之提出"个"原乃"介"字的省写字形,所有的"个"字都是"介"字.洪诚先生沿袭此说,并指出"个"后被用作量词是源于"介"的"单独"义,遂成学界主流观点.本文提出质疑,"个""介"并非同一字,二者只是因为字形相近造成一些文献的讹混,量词"个"的语源也并非"介"的"单独"义;进而对量词"个"语源提出新看法,"个"本义当是箭矢,常被作为计数工具"筹码",由此引申为泛指量词,与量词"枚"有相似引申路径.

Abstract

The classifier Ge(个)is the most commonly used classifier in modern Chinese,and one of the only two generic classifiers in the history of Chinese classifiers.Wang Yinzhi pointed out that Ge(个)is originally a simplified form of the character Jie(介),and all Ge(个)characters in the pre-Qin literature are Jie(介).Hong Cheng followed this view and points out that Ge(个)was later used as a classifier because of the meaning of"separate"connotated in Jie(介),and this view later became the mainstream in the academic.This paper challenges this point of view.That is,Ge(个)and Jie(介)are not the same word;they were only misused in some literatures due to their similarities in figure;and the etymology of the classifier Ge(个)is not the Jie(介)that connotates the meaning"separate".This paper then proposes another etymology of the classifier Ge(个):the original meaning of Ge(个)denotes an arrow,often used as a counting tool"chip",which was then extended as a general classifier,sharing a similar evolutionary path with the classifier Mei(枚).

关键词

//泛指量词/语源/引申路径

Key words

Ge(个)/Jie(介)/generic classifier/etymology/evolution pathway

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基金项目

浙江农林大学科研发展基金人才启动项目(203402005201)

出版年

2024
语言学论丛

语言学论丛

ISSN:
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