In examining the emotional consequences of air pol-lution,there has been a lack of high ecological valid-ity real-time data analysis and high internal validity experimental research.To fill the gap,the current re-search conducted panel data analyses on 52.92 mil-lion Weibo posts from 297,067 users in 292 cities in Chinese mainland,along with corresponding spa-tiotemporal data on air quality and meteorology.Re-sults showed that PM2.5 and AQI could significantly negatively predict SnowNLP emotion index in 2014,while in 2017 when air pollution control measures were effective,no such association was found.The current research then utilized the picture-priming paradigm to conduct an experimental study and found that air pollution could significantly affect individual negative emotions,with threat perception acting as a mediator.