Objective To analyze the effects of oxaliplatin or cisplatin combined with fluorouracil in the treatment of esophageal cancer.Methods A total of 62 esophageal cancer patients admitted to Nanyang Central Hospital from January 2022 to August 2023 were selected and randomly divided into two groups.Group B(n=31)received treatment with oxaliplatin and fluorouracil,while Group A(n=31)received treatment with cisplatin and fluorouracil.The two groups were compared for adverse reactions,serum tumor marker levels,clinical efficacy,and quality of life.Results The disease control rate and objective response rate in Group B were higher than those in Group A,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).There were no significant differences in serum tumor marker levels between the two groups before treatment(P>0.05).After two treatment cycles and at the end of treatment,serum tumor marker levels in Group B were significantly lower than those in Group A(P<0.05).Prior to treatment,there were no significant differences in the Chinese version of the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General(FACT-G)scores between the two groups(P>0.05).After two treatment cycles and at the end of treatment,FACT-G scores in Group B were significantly higher than those in Group A(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups(P>0.05).Conclusion The combination of oxaliplatin and fluorouracil for the treatment of esophageal cancer effectively controls the disease,reduces serum tumor marker levels,and improves patients'quality of life without increasing adverse reactions,making it a worthwhile option for clinical application.